Being Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )...

In many households across America families are struggling and in some fighting over medicating their children. We hear so much about the raise in medication and think about our own childhood where the children were not taking medication or labeled as having Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). But what a lot of us don’t know is that it was always with us. Lack of knowledge is a part of the reason for our debate over medication. In this review we will look at the pros and cons to medicating children. Before we liked to label them as bad children exhibiting behavior problems. Child psychologist, Harvey Parker, who founded Children and Adults with ADD (CHADD), a nonprofit organization says, now we see that it s genuinely not under their control, and we perceive them more as children suffering from a neurobiological disorder of self-control and attention problems (Parker, 2000). In a Frontline interview Peter Jensen, the former the head of child psychiatry at the National Institute of Mental Health and current director of Columbia University s Center for the Advancement of Children s Mental Health; was asked if it was true that use of psychotropic medications has increased 700 percent in ten years? He answered that the point is not if it increased three or seven fold, but the factors as to why it did. Jensen feels that the fact that in the early 1990’s the Department of Education basically said many of the states have assumed that ADHD was an illness you didnShow MoreRelatedOver-Diagnosis Of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.1273 Words   |  6 PagesOver-diagnosis of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) or Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) is one of the most commonly diagnosed mental disorder among children and adolescents (UCLA). ADHD/ADD usually becomes apparent in children during preschool and early school years. ADHD/ADD affects 3 percent to 5 percent of approximately two million American children (Frequently). Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) or Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) isRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder748 Words   |  3 PagesWhat is Attention- Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder? Well it is one of the most commonly developed disorders among children, teens and adults (National Institute of Mental Health). In fact 5-8% of school-aged children are affected by attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (Mikami, Reuland and Griggs). According to the Mayo Clinic staff, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is a mental health condition exhibited by difficulty maintaining attention, as well as hyper activity and impulsive behaviorRead MoreObesity And Its Effects On Children1702 Words   |  7 PagesIs it true that sugar causes or contributes to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)? This is an important question that many parents, teachers and researchers are trying to answer. Sugar has long been suspected to be a cause behind ADHD symptoms. But research has yet to validate the connection. According to the National Institute of Mental Health, the idea that refined sugar causes ADHD or makes symptoms worse is accepted, but more research disproves this theory than supports it. The JournalRead MoreWhat Is Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( ADHD )1252 Words   |  6 PagesAttention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a brain disorder marked by an ongoing pattern of inattention or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interferes with functioning or development. ADHD is a medical condition that affects how well someone can sit still, focus, and pay attention. People with ADHD have differences in the parts of their brains that control attention and activity. This means that they may have trouble focusing on some tasks andRead MoreAttention Deficit-Hyperactive Disorder640 Words   |  3 PagesAttention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), also known as Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD), is a neurodevelopment,1 psychiatric disorder, which is characterized as impairments of the growth and development of the Central Nervous System—particularly the brain.2 An individual diagnosed with ADD exhibits issues with attention, hyperactivity, impulsive behavior, or a combination of all three. 3 Such symptoms are likely observed between ages 6-12 and must persist for over six months prior to imposedRead More Learning Disabilities: ADHD Essay1709 Words   |  7 PagesLearning Disabilities: ADHD Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) is a condition that can affect any person’s behavior and way of life. In their book, Special Education, J.Ysseldyke and B. Algozzine state that no area has experienced as much growth as learning disabilities. It is by far the largest of all special education categories. Enormous changes in the last century have changed the way society treats children with disabilities. Psychologist William Lee Heward affirms that in theRead MoreEssay on Hyperactivity Disorder1046 Words   |  5 Pagesclassified these children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Parents may think that the children’s behavior of hyperactivity is normal throughout the child’s life. On the contrary, many of them have gone over the limit of being active. This disorder can cause conflicts at school, home, and social life. Knowing the facts, symptoms, and treatments, the parents can help their child with ADHD. According to Maria Basile, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is classified as a disruptiveRead MoreSociological Analysis On Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder1622 Words   |  7 Pages Sociological Analysis of ADHD Introduction â€Å"ADHD† stands for â€Å"Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder†, while many people use the word disorder and disease as if they were one and the same, they are in fact not. While a disease is an incorrectly functioning organ, part, structure, or system of the body resulting from the effect of genetic or developmental errors, infection, poisons, nutritional deficiency or imbalance, toxicity, or unfavorable environmental factors; illness; sickness; ailmentRead MoreAdhd : Children With A High Iq Essay1174 Words   |  5 Pages ADHD in children with a High IQ Haley Raines University of Central Arkansas Many children today are diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyper Activity Disorder, (ADHD). ADHD was not acknowledged as a mental disorder until 1960, before that it was called Hyperkinetic Impulse Disorder.( healthline.com) ADHD can be present in children with a high IQ and it can also put their relatives at risk of having ADHD. The signs of ADHD and having a high IQ may not beRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1664 Words   |  7 Pages Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Crystal Sluss Psychology 231 March 7, 2015 â€Æ' Abstract Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is a developmental disorder. ADHD is a difficult obstacle to overcome, but is not impossible. Many people are diagnosed with this disorder every day. It affects more than three percent of American children. Common symptoms include Inattention, Hyperactivity, and Impulsivity. The causes are not completely clear, there have many things that have been linked

Computer Technology And The Field Of Criminal Justice...

Computer technology has become a vital part in our everyday lives. The field of Criminal Justice is no exception. The usage of computer technology and other devices is pivotal and can assist Criminal Justice professionals with the tasks they face on a daily basis. Prior to enrolling in this course, I have had extensive knowledge in computer technology as well as computer applications used in the field of criminal justice. Computer applications used by criminal justice professionals such as NCAWARE (North Carolina Warrant Repository). NCAWARE is a web-based system that retains detailed information about criminal processes, such as warrants, magistrate orders, citations that lead to an arrest, criminal summons, orders for arrest, release orders, and appearance bonds for North Carolina. In addition, NCAWARE tracks data and facts for all people and businesses involved in such processes. However, not all counties in North Carolina uses NCAWARE, but there are other web based sites available, such as, Statewide Warrant Search. CJLEADS is another useful resource readily available to some, but not all criminal justice professionals. The web based application provides a comprehensive view of an offender s North Carolina criminal information. An advantag e to the CJLEADS system is it will allow users to develop a watch list of persons of interest. Also, the system will send notifications to the users when the person of interest status has a changed such as an arrest, pending courtShow MoreRelatedWith The Advancement Of Technology It Has Changed The Entire1631 Words   |  7 PagesWith the advancement of technology it has changed the entire world and with it the criminal justice system. With Technology becoming a part of peoples everyday lives it is to be expected that technology would cross over into the world of crime. New computer crime has escalated in the past 10 years. As with the advancement of crime it has also made advancements in crime fighting aspect of criminal justice, these advances help criminal justice professionals in the community while on duty and duringRead MoreSurveillance And Intelligence Applications At The Criminal Justice Field867 Words   |  4 Pagesmodern technology, and the tremendous opportunities it p rovides play a significant role in almost all fields of human life. Working in criminal justice today means having the opportunity to utilize GPS systems, advanced cameras and high-powered computer systems. These important technologies have improved investigation, surveillance and analysis procedures as long as they are supported by the skill set and intelligence to properly use them. Of course, criminals also utilize these technologies, so professionalsRead MoreHow Computers Are Essential in Criminal Justice Field1431 Words   |  6 Pageshow computers are essential in criminal justice field Computers take part in a big role in the Criminal Justice Field. So far computers have allowed us to make it accessible for witnesses to go through and look for a suspects picture on the screen. Computers have enabled us to be able to do DNA testing. Which now only takes the labs a short time to process, and finding criminals from cases 15+ years ago can now be charged for their actions. There are laptop computers in police vehicles; thereforeRead MoreBiometrics Of The Criminal Justice System1385 Words   |  6 PagesBiometrics In The Criminal Justice System Ever heard the saying along the lines of â€Å"everyone is unique in their own way†? When it comes to biometric, that saying is very accurate due to the fact that uniqueness the basic premise of biometrics. Biometrics is one of the most effective technologies that is used to distinguish the variances of individuals (Cantore, 2011). Biometrics focuses on the minor and major differences of individuals by using many different methods as well as features. ThroughoutRead MoreBiometrics Of The Criminal Justice System1622 Words   |  7 PagesMay 9th, 2016 Biometrics In The Criminal Justice System Ever heard the saying along the lines of â€Å"everyone is unique in their own way†? When it comes to biometric, that saying is very accurate due to the fact that uniqueness the basic premise of biometrics. Biometrics is one of the most effective technologies that is used to distinguish the variances between individuals (Cantore, 2011). Biometrics focuses on the minor and major differences of individuals by using many diverse methods, techniquesRead MoreThe Use of Technology in Criminal Justice1263 Words   |  6 PagesIn this current generation, technology is steadily becoming a major asset to our future in a wide range of areas, and has been embedded in our lives currently to the point of being close to a necessity. In Criminal Justice, the use of technology has proven to be of tremendous help in many areas of the field. The incorporation of the computer systems in criminal justice tremendously has improved the general communication between agencies as the new methods of tr ansferring information among departmentsRead MoreLaw Enforcement and New Technology846 Words   |  4 PagesIn today s world the use of technology, including onboard computers in police vehicles, wireless communication devices, and the Internet, are commonplace. The evolution of policing has been connected through the years with technology. Starting from the days of â€Å"beat cops or bobbies and their runners who helped collect information; the law enforcement branch of the criminal justice system has had an interesting evolution. In today s world, the use of technology assists in this effort. The introductionRead MoreA Brief Note On Criminal Justice Jobs And Duties1192 Words   |  5 PagesProfessional Plan Kaniesha Rivers Bryant Stratton College COMM 115 Ms. Neal July 14, 2015 â€Æ' Abstract This paper focuses on criminal justice jobs and duties. In this paper I will break down the different type of education, skills, and requirements you will need for three different types of job fields. I will also give annual salaries for the state I am located in which is Ohio. Criminal Justice is one of the biggest fields in the world besides the medical field. This is my field of choice becauseRead MoreForensic Science in the 21st Century Essay1445 Words   |  6 Pagesand the people that are involved. Forensic science has a connection with the courts to ensure crimes are getting solved and justice is being served to those that commit crimes. With the help of forensic science, crimes are being solved from a human and technological aspect. This paper highlights numerous discussions on how forensic science plays a role in criminal justices system, security, media and the law. Forensic science is a separate entity from the police; although a large portion ofRead MoreForensic Science in the 21st Century1440 Words   |  6 Pagesand the people that are involved. Forensic science has a connection with the courts to ensure crimes are getting solved and justice is being served to those that commit crimes. With the help of forensic science, crimes are being solved from a human and technological aspect. This paper highlights numerous discussions on how forensic science plays a role in criminal justices system, security, media and the law. Forensic science is a separate entity from the police; although a large portion of

Symbols in The Lottery by Shirley Jackson - 649 Words

In most peoples minds, the word â€Å"lottery† signifies huge winnings, but for the townspeople in the story â€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson the word brings forth fear and devastation. The lottery starts off as a seemingly innocent event which immediately turns into feared, mass chaos in the town. The symbols Jackson incorporates into the story contribute to the fact that everything in this town must be replaced and that some things we must let go of to start fresh with. Although, having said that, people don’t realize when a tradition becomes outdated and when the time comes to put it behind. Shirley Jackson uses several symbols to show how traditions become obsolete and that we must have an open mind to adapt to new, plausible ones, symbols including the black box, the stones, and the townspeople. The black box represents the tradition of the lottery, a common ritual that cannot be changed. The concept of the lottery goes back further than anyone can reca ll. According to the villagers, the annual lottery will never be changed or forgotten, since they’ve grown accustomed to it. The black box symbolizes the old, junky, worn-out repetition of the lottery which they still do every year. Due to the old age of the black box, it deteriorates every day, just like the existence of the lottery, people have difficulty even determining the color of the box. Since the town has owned it for many years, they refuse to replace it because of the tradition and memories it holds, muchShow MoreRelatedUse of Symbols in The Lottery by Shirley Jackson981 Words   |  4 PagesMany great authors use symbolism numerous of time in their stories. A symbol is a noun or word that represents a different idea. An author displays the symbols as a hit rather than blurting it out. Symbols are not only used in novels or poems, they are also used in everyday use. For an example, the American flag has fifty stars on it which each star represents a state. On the other hand, the thirteen stripes plays the part of our thirteen colonies; the beginning of our country. Even with our highRead MoreHidden Symbols in The Lottery by Shirley Jackson1170 Words   |  5 Pagesshort story, â€Å"The Lottery†, Mrs. Hutchinson got picked for the lottery. The word â€Å"hutch† is another word for box, and she happened to have her life taken from her by a paper in a box. The odd, short story of â€Å"the Lottery† is a story that should be read by many people for any urge to find symbolic references or to just kick back and read an interesting story with a twist. The lottery seems like something you would love to win, but not in this twisted story! Winning this lottery is going to take yourRead More Religious and Traditional Symbols in the Lottery by Shirley Jackson753 Words   |  4 PagesReligious and Traditional Symbols in the Lottery Religious groups encourage and enforce conformity of their social norms and beliefs upon their members. Religious traditions are usually passed on from parent to child at an early age. In â€Å"The Lottery,† Shirley Jackson reveals the tradition of the lottery and how all of the villagers conform to the ritual of a human sacrifice. Growing up with an exceptionally religious father I can relate to way of thinking of the villagers that traditions areRead MoreUse of Symbolism in The Lottery by Shirley Jackson1146 Words   |  5 Pagesbulb represents ideas that just sparked into a character’s head. In the short story, â€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson, a village has just entered the month of June, meaning that the lottery is to begin. When everyone was present, the heads of the households’ names were called one by one to pick up a slip of paper. It was then discovered that the Hutchinson family was the chosen family to participate in the lottery again. When Mr. Hutchinson, Mrs. Hutchinson, Bill Jr., Nancy, and Little Dave each gotRead MoreIgnornance of Tradition in The Lottery, by Shirley Jackson1014 Words   |  5 Pagesstarted them or why they were enacted in the first place. The community, in the short story The Lottery by Shirley Jackson, is no different. The community members follow the tradition of the lottery without any consideration to its ramifications. Shirley Jacksons goal for writing The Lottery is to get the reader to question why certain things are done. She accomplishes this through her use of symbols, her description of the fear of change, a nd the portrayal of the dangers associated with blindlyRead MoreLiterary Elements in The Lottery, by Shirley Jackson1334 Words   |  6 Pagesshort story, â€Å"The Lottery,† by Shirley Jackson communicates this theme by showing how the villagers participate in a lottery every year. In life, there are people who follow tradition because the have to, or they are used to following without question. The author, Shirley Jackson was born on December 14, 1916 in San Francisco, California. In 1937, Shirley Jackson attended Syracuse University where she began to write short stories. She was famous for the short story, â€Å"The Lottery,† and her best sellerRead MoreSymbolism in The Lottery, by Shirley Jackson Essay example1173 Words   |  5 PagesWhen most people play the lottery today, they think about having wealth. Generally, people who win are happy about it whether they win one dollar or a million. The lottery in our society has grown to support education and it is oft en worth several million dollars. Usually, the winner of the lottery gains a lot of recognition for the money they win. But what would happen if there was a small town where people held a yearly lottery in which the â€Å"winner† was the member of the town who was not sacrificedRead MoreThe Lottery Literary Analysis1538 Words   |  7 Pageswarmth of a full-summer day; the flowers were blossoming profusely and the grass was richly green† (Jackson). In this first sentence of the The Lottery Shirley Jackson establishes a pleasant illusion, creating a sense of serenity. Jackson proceeds to mention that children begin to gather in the village, frolicing and conversing about school. The initial scene and satirically labeled title, The Lottery, provide a somewhat satisfying first impression to the reader. The introductory scene is eminent toRead MoreSummary On The Allegory Of Shirley Jacksons The Lottery871 Words   |  4 Pages Shirley Jackson’s story â€Å"The Lottery† serves as an allegory regarding humankinds inherent to be cruel and society’s ability to inure to violence. The author’s use of a third-person dramatic narrative combined with strong themes, symbols and irony clearly supports the lesson Jackson was trying to portray. Jackson’s short story shows how easy it is to be hostile when a group of villagers with a herd mentality blindly follow an outdated tradition and that evil knows no boundaries. JacksonRead MoreThe Lottery, By Shirley Jackson847 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Lottery,† which is a famous short story written by Shirley Jackson in 1948, described the view of an annual lottery event in a small village. In the beginning of the story, on June 27 in each summer, the lottery occurs; all people in the village gather at the spare, and they express their excitement to find out the winner of the lottery. However, there is a totally surprising ending in the story of Shirley Jackson. The prize of the lottery is not any money or gift, which we expect. It is the

Discussion of Stereotypes in a Farewell to Arms - 1449 Words

All good books have one thing in common - they are truer than if they had really happened, Hemingway wrote just five years after publishing A Farewell to Arms, a novel written about the war in Italy, which is ironic because A Farewell to Arms can be seen as a semi-autobiographical novel, as some of the events that occur in the novel are based off of Hemingways own life. The parallels from the novel and Hemingways life are evident-- the protagonist, Lieutenant Frederic Henry, is an ambulance driver in the Italian army, just as Hemingway himself was an ambulance driver for the Red Cross, serving in Italy. Hemingway also fell in love with a nurse, however her name was not Catherine Barkley, as it is in the novel, it was Agnes von†¦show more content†¦Authors of this viewpoint call Catherine Barkley—â€Å"a strong and fully realized character† by displaying honor, courage, and â€Å"grace under pressure† (Spanier,132), who models for Frederic survival method s for living in chaos and making a limited freedom by living one’s own â€Å"roles and rituals.† The only other prominent female characters in A Farewell to Arms are Catherine’s fellow nurses, the important ones being Miss Van Campen and Helen Ferguson. Miss Van Campen is an older nurse that constantly nags Henry for having alcohol, and after he gets jaundice, has his leave revoked for â€Å"producing self-inflicted jaundice with alcoholism† (Hemingway, 144). Miss Van Campen only fits into Hemingway’s stereotype in that she is a nurse. Other than her matronly job, she is fierce, going openly head to head with Lieutenant Henry while he is sick. Helen Ferguson is Catherine’s friend, and when Catherine and Henry’s love affair begins to take off, Helen is concerned for Catherine’s emotional well-being. She is the logical side of Catherine, and also plays a motherly parental role towards her, advising Henry to let Catherine not do n ight duty, and even saying But watch out you don’t get her in trouble. You get her in trouble and I’ll kill you† (109-111). Hemingway gives her no depth, except for these few matronly traits she possesses. Completely opposite from Hemingway’s vision of an ideal woman is his vision of an ideal male. His ideal males are seen in almost everyShow MoreRelatedThe American Culture : Key Values10736 Words   |  43 Pageswhich they move to a first name basis, even with people they have just met. For an American the informality is a way of showing friendliness and warmth. Depending on the context, most Americans would be quite happy with a similarly brief, informal farewell or goodbye. However, you can find that in some service situations, the customer is thanked more profusely (â€Å"thank you for travelling with us – hope to see you again†). This is probably more a result of customer service training (where open, frankRead MoreDiversity For A Diverse Workplace3965 Words   |  16 Pageset cetera. †¨ - Make the selection criteria more flexible so it will fit people from different cultural groups. (Dickie Soldan, 2008, pp. 206-209) †¨ 2.3.3. Training and Development Cultural diversity training can provide trainees a forum for discussion. A greater willingness to talk directly about differences helps employees to build trust, make effective decision and even opens a door of compromise (Gong 2008, p. 28). This kind of training has seemed more necessary when skills of dealing withRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Othello : Race And Performance6373 Words   |  26 Pagesthis essay illustrate racial issues within the text of the play itself, but also the black Shakespearean actors like Ira Aldridge, Paul Robeson, and James Earl Jones, who suffered severe racial discrimination and were still able to defy racial stereotypes throughout the nineteenth and twentieth centuries in the segregated United States, addressing how the actors were emotionally affected playing the character. It is important for the reader to answer several essential questions: Should theRead MoreAmerican Slang Essay 115481 Words   |  62 Pageschildren, they always make fools of themselves. In ordinary language we have words living on through the generations without much change. Some of these have been in use as far back as we can trace the English language and other languages. Foot, hand, arm, head, heart, star, sun, moon, earth, one, two, three, and so on, belong to this category. These common words have counterparts which look very similar in the other Germanic or European language. These words are central to mankind, no matter where andRead MoreSAT Top 30 Essay Evidence18536 Words   |  75 Pagesfor its honest and realistic portrayals and the authenticity of its characters - traits that would forever be P a g e | 14 associated with Hemingway’s fiction writing. A few of his other famous titles (there are many more) include A Farewell to Arms, For Whom the Bell Tolls, and The Old Man and the Sea. In the 1950s, while traveling in Africa, Hemingway was wounded in two back-to-back plane crashes and suffered severe injuries. Already a frequent drinker, Hemingway became an alcoholicRead MoreSadie Hawkins Day and Valentine Grams18321 Words   |  74 Pagesadvised Rapp. The panel members’ reaction to the high school journalist was mainly to benefit us. They took the time to advise us to pursue our own dreams, to be passionate, and when speaking to Stepanek after the panel members, his advice took the discussion of passion to a whole new level. â€Å"I remember back in 2006 I suffered from an injury that left my right hand numb for four months,† recalled Stepanek. â€Å"Today, I appreciate every single day I am able to hold a racket in my hand.† As he spoke aboutRead MoreRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 Pagesand prophet of the movement. This is a crucial part of the wonderful complexity of the Rastafarian movement. Jamaica owes a great debt to the men who formed the Rastafarian movement in the 1930s. Rastafarianism has served as a lightning rod of discussion about race, identity, and the history of oppression that has x FOREWORD been part of the Jamaican society for centuries. If Jamaicans have rejected in part the denial of their African heritage, Rastafarianism is the reason. If JamaicanRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesintelligently constructed account. The opening chapter carefully and helpfully explains terms, including ‘theory’ and ‘epistemology’ that can form an unexplored bedrock to texts in the field. It then offers thoughtful, scholarly and well-illustrated discussions of prominent theoretical perspective, including managerialism and postmodernity, supported by specified learning outcomes and guides to further reading. Dr Paul Tosey, University of Surrey, UK The field of organization theory is extremely fragmentedRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pagesadvice that must be applied flexibly. They are called principles only because it sounds odd to call something piece of advice eleven or thing to do seven. Advice for Logical Reasoners All of us use these principles every day, so this discussion is just a reminder of what you already know. One principle is to ask for reasons before accepting a conclusion, unless you already have good enough reasons. You applied this principle when you asked Juanita why she thought it best to leave. Similarly

Corporate Governance And Shareholders Commerce Essay Free Essays

Corporate administration and stockholders ‘ wealth have been closely related in history. The two constructs are closely related with different bookmans coming up with their impacts in the organisation. Corporate administration refers to a systematic method of supplying inadvertence and way to the mode in which an organisation operates. We will write a custom essay sample on Corporate Governance And Shareholders Commerce Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Harmonizing to Ruiz-Porras and Lopez-Mateo, corporate administration is concerned with duties and rights of an organisation ‘s direction, stockholders and other stakeholders such as clients and employees. Corporate administration impacts investing determinations of an organisation. Therefore, effectual corporate administration maximizes stockholders wealth and has to be considered when puting. Additionally, Michaelas et al pointed out that effectual corporate administration manages the company internal and external factors which contribute to stockholders ‘ wealth. The writers argued that, houses with effectual corporate administration prosper in planetary and domestic market whichultimately maximize stockholders ‘ wealth ( Michaelas, et Al, 1999 ) . Premier Oil is involved in the production of oil and gas, geographic expedition and development. The company is interested in oil and gas in North Sea, Africa, Asia and the Middle East. It has its central office in the UK, London, and has 638 employees by December 2011. It recorded ?827 million as gross in the financial twelvemonth stoping December 2011, an increase of 8 % as compared to twelvemonth 201, besides made a net income of ?175 million in the twelvemonth 2011 an increase of 38 % as compared to twelvemonth 2010. And a net net income of ?171 million during the twelvemonth 2011, an increase of 32 % as compared to twelvemonth 2010. This study is looking at if corporate administration maximizes stockholders wealth of the Premier Oil PCL and its public presentation over a period of four old ages that is 2008 through 2011. This is done by seting in to consideration the company ‘s balance sheet, income statement, hard currency flows statement and the ratios statement. Over the old ages at that place has been recorded an betterment in the hard currency influxs verses escapes every bit good as an improved net income and company liquidness ( Aswath 2007 ) . Even if liabilities as compared to capital increased, during the old fiscal twelvemonth to 44 % , the company is within the Gas, Consumable Fuels and Oil industry ‘s norms. Second, although the liquid assets can non fulfill current liability duties, the Net incomes that were realized are equal to provide for the debts. Harmonizing to the hard currency influxs recorded the company is effectual as in comparing to others in that industry. By December 31 2011, the company had ?205M as ungathered receivable ( Doyle Et Al. 2000 ) . Corporate administration The stakeholders of this company are the stockholders, debitors, creditors, direction, the Board of Director, providers, clients the authorities, and the general populace. Each of these has a distinguishable function to play, as per the organisation ‘s policies. Premier company is a profit-making organisation whose primary end is to maximise the wealth of the stockholders. Therefore, the stockholders have to guarantee that they have met the company ‘s capital part demands. In other words, a portion from supplying fundss, they straight and indirectly take part in the direction procedure of the company. This implies that they oversee the enlisting procedure for the executive and non-executive managers. At the same clip, it is their duty to do effectual and executable determinations in the company ( Graham 2010 ) . As already highlighted, the company has an Executive Board of Directors. This is under the chairmanship of Sir David John. This is the top most organized portion in this organisation, which is carefully appointed by the stockholders. Their major function is to supply the organisation with professional and experiential advice before doing any major determination which affects the full company. This is a baronial thought, because it provides the organisation with the ability to get the service of these experts cheaply. Prosecuting them as parttime workers enables the company to bask such services, which would otherwise be so expensive. The executive board works in concurrence with the non-executive board, which is headed by Mike Welt and Joe Darbi ( Mintzberg 1994 ) . At the same clip, Premier Company regards the involvement of other participants, every bit good. Although, the major aim is to maximise net income, it has become the company ‘s policy to safeguard the involvement of all the other stakeholders. Therefore, in its administration, the company consults groups like the providers, clients, public, and authorities. Oil and gas trade is going really moneymaking. Therefore, it has attracted a batch of participants doing competition stiffer than of all time. In this respect, the company ‘s direction involves each of these in major decision-making. The providers are seasonably and efficaciously paid their dues ; no clients are given measure merchandises as per their outlook. Meanwhile, authorities policies are implemented to avoid legal hassle ( Larson et al. , 1996 ) . Co-operate Governance Theories The theories discussed below give an penetration in corporate administration. Agency Theory In the Premier Company, stockholders are the top most decision-making parties. As the investors, they have a direct control in all the coevalss of the organisation. Because of this, they have felt it better to co-operate with agents to move on their behalf. In the construction of the organisation, there is the Board of Directors ; the Chief Executive Officer ( CEO ) and regional and state managers. Under them, there are the departmental directors oversing the operations of the finance, legal, human resource, gross revenues, selling, buying, operations, and geographic expedition sections ( Doyle Et Al. 2000 ) . These are the professionals specialized in the countries in which they are attached. All of them are given a full clip occupation, so as to acquire adequate clip to to the full dispatch their responsibilities with less restraint. In order to see the answerability and quality end product, direction has come up with schemes to transparently engage them on virtue, supervise, proctor, and actuate them. Each of them is entitled to a good working conditions and attractive wage bundles. Besides, they are involved in a batch of bureaucratic processs to see their boundaries are clearly outlined to do certain that there is harmoniousness and cooperation in all the sections. This is a good motivation because it has helped to actuate these executives. Hence, they have got satisfaction in functioning this organisation. This has motivated them to be focused on the achievement of the organisation ‘s ends ( Brassington A ; Pettitt 2006 ) . Resources Dependence Theory Premier Oil Company besides relies on the Non-Executive Board. The determination to integrate non-executive squad has helped this company a great trade. It was the stockholder ‘s position that such a board would dwell of high export from different Fieldss after carefully being selected. They would steward the company towards accomplishing both its long and short-run ends. However, in order to make this, they would be expected to demo their dedication and committedness in whatever activity they undertake. It was aware determination because it has enabled the company recognize a enormous growing. The Non-executive Board advises and counsels the Executive Board. Furthermore, in the association of this company, personalities like Welton have enabled it to reconstruct its repute. Therefore, it has won the assurances ( Becht et al. 2003 ) . Decision Premier Oil is an energy company to think with. Its model administration has expanded it from a mere public company to a transnational. The engagement of all the stakeholders in its personal businesss has enabled it to set up a good relationship with all of them. As a consequence, it has managed to enormously turn, therefore crushing all the odds and ends up being one of the bluish bit companies in London. As per the ratios the premier oil company can be said to be sound in its liquidness although is debitors ratios were negative. In footings of Capital it can besides be said to be making good. The company is in a good status to put in for the investors. Recommendations Admiting the successes of the corporate administration, it would be wise to seek and implement the undermentioned recommendations. The direction should see diversifying its activities. Specializing in oil and gas distribution map jeopardizes the fiscal stableness of the company. Alternatively, it should see embarking in other merchandises, such as excavation. This would enable the company to manage the hazards that would happen impacting specifically the energy industry. Premier Oil Company should non merely concentrate on the stockholders as the lone of import participants in its operation. Alternatively, there should be a displacement from this height. The stockholders should non necessary play a dominant function through. The administration scheme of this company should be reviewed. It should non be merely task-oriented. Alternatively, there should be a more human oriented attack, so as to give the work force free infinite to show they creativeness, fresh linguistic communication, and entrepreneurial accomplishments. How to cite Corporate Governance And Shareholders Commerce Essay, Essay examples

International Accounting Standards Board System

Question: Discuss about the International Accounting Standards Board System. Answer: Introduction: The International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) is a private sector organization that approves and develops the International Financial Reporting Standards, which is well known as IFRSs in short. IASB is an independent body that operates its operations under the oversight of IFRS Foundation. In the year 2001, the IASB was established in order to replace the International Accounting Standards Committee. The total numbers of members of IASB is 16 as per the record of 1 July 2012 (Aasb.gov.au, 2016). The main role of IASB under IFRS Foundation Constitution is to complete the responsibility regarding all the technical matters of the particular foundation. These include firstly, the development of full discretion and to pursue the technical agenda that is subjected to the requirements of consultation along with the public and the Trustees (Collings, 2012). Secondly, the issue and the preparation of the IFRSs rather than the exposure drafts and the Interpretations that follows the due process, which is stipulated in the Constitution. Lastly, the IFRS Interpretations Committee develops the issue and the approval of the Interpretations (Fasb.org, 2016). The Fair Value Measurement project was completed on May 2011 and at that time; the IASB issued IFRS 13 Fair Value Measurement. This is effective from the year 2013 and defines the term fair value, described about a single framework of IFRS for measurement of fair value and the disclosure about the measurements of fair value (Collings, 2012). According to the IASB conceptual framework 10F (a) measurement, draft discussion paper, the discussion of the staffs of the IFRS foundation in a public meeting of IASB has been presented. This particular paper represents the views of the individual member of the IASB. The particular section mainly discusses about the concept that guides the IASB at the time of selection of the measurement according to the revised or new IFRS (Fasb.org, 2016). This is important because the existing Conceptual Framework provides a little numbers of methods of measurement guidance and it indicates the particular method that should be used in order to run the business smoothly. Generally, the IASB proposes three principles of measurement. Firstly, the Principle 1 states that the particular measurement method provides the relevant information and it depends on the method of affecting the position of financial statement, profit and loss statement and the comprehensive income (Iasplus.com, 2016). It also includes the statements that show the changes in the notes and equity to the financial statements. Secondly, Principle 2 states that the cost of the measurement should be justified based on the advantages of reporting the particular information to the potential and existing investors, creditors, and other lenders. Thirdly, the Principle 3 states that the use of total numbers of various measures should be minimized in order to provide information that is relevant (Aasb.gov.au, 2016). It also includes the unnecessary changes should be avoided in the measurement methods and the particular changes should be explained in details. The IASB believes that the relevant method of measurement is depended on the process of fulfillment of the liability of an entity and the other is the process by which the asset is contributed to the cash flows of the future (Iasplus.com, 2016). The financial statements involve amounts and descriptions of the particulars that fit the elements of the statements. Measurement is the process of determination of amount that are presented on the each financial statements face (Collings, 2012). In other words it can be said that measures indicate the disclosed or presented amounts. Mainly three types of measurement methods that include fair value and various current prices, cost, and the measures based on the cash flow (Icaew.com, 2016). The particular discussion paper does not discuss only about the equity instruments measurement but also about the factors that are related to the initial measurement of the fair value that might be applicable to the equity instruments initial measurement. The equity method of the translation of the denominated amount in the foreign currency has also not been discussed in the particular paper, as the IASB believes that the particular issues might be dealt in a form of a project with the aim to repla ce or revise the existing IFRS regarding the particular topics (Icaew.com, 2016). There are various principles to measure these are to achieve the aim and objective of financial reporting, and the IASB proposed to involve a revised Conceptual Framework (Mackenzie et al., 2012). As rightly put forward by Ifrs.org (2016), the IASB follows various principles in the revised conceptual framework for appropriate financial reporting and explain the alliterative characteristics of the important financial information. The issues of measurement in the financial reporting needs to have proper relevance of the information that is given by a definite measurement method (Ifrs.org, 2016). The measurement method relies on the influence it exerts on the financial declaration of the financial position (Aasb.gov.au, 2016). In addition to this, the measurement method also exerts immense influence on the statements of [profit and loss], financial statement for the equity as well the notes to the pecuniary statements. The second principle of measurement can e suitable justified by the advantages of financial reporting that provides information from the data of the financial statements to the potential investors, creditors as well as the debtors (Collings, 2012). In addition to this, the measurement principle of IASB also includes the number of diverse measures that are considered to be minimum necessity in order provide pertinent information; convey information regarding the changes in the procedures of measurement and many more (Ifrs.org, 2016). The principles also help to alleviate the unnecessary modifications in the methods of measurement and explain the necessary modifications instead. The principle of relevance is derived from the concept of faithful representation given in the QC13 of chapter 3 that explains the conceptual framework (Ifrs.org, 2016). The principle essentially refers to the depiction of all the required information that an user can utilize by understanding the particular phenomenon that has been represented by including all the requisite illustrations as well as the descriptions (Mackenzie et al., 2012). However, IASB also needs to select all the suitable and most appropriate measures for avoiding the measurement issues and to depict the correct information in the financial declarations (Collings, 2012). The transactions and dealings are settled in cash and this appears either in the cash or in the short term accounts receivable section of the financial statement (Pwc., 2015). The business entity that involves in only the said economic activity of financial transactions faces certain measurement issues. Therefore, in that case the measurement criteria become significant as the business unit participates in complicated activities. Furthermore, the major proponents of fair value concentrate on the statement of financial position whereas units that prefer cost based measure concentrate on the statement for profit and loss (Ifrs.org, 2016). Therefore, the selection of the measurement on the foundation of either the statement of financial position or the profit and loss statement will not lead to the relevant information and can make way for fallacy (Collings, 2012). The discussion paper therefore analyses the different measurement methods that can be categorized as the cost based measures, fair value and the current market price and the other measures that are dependent on the expected cash flows (Iasplus.com, 2016). The discussion paper also concentrates on the principle that concentrates on avoiding the measurement issues such as the alleviation of the unnecessary information, selection of the measurement methods and modification of the measurement principles in a bid to enhance the relevance of the financial information (Icaew.com, 2016). References Aasb.gov.au, (2016).Australian Accounting Standards Board (AASB) - Home. [online] Available at: https://www.aasb.gov.au [Accessed 3 Jan. 2016]. Collings, S. (2012).IFRS for dummies. Chichester: Wiley. Fasb.org, (2016).FASB: Financial Accounting Standards Board. [online] Available at: https://www.fasb.org/ [Accessed 3 Jan. 2016]. Iasplus.com, (2016).IAS Plus. [online] Available at: https://www.iasplus.com/ [Accessed 3 Jan. 2016]. Iasplus.com, (2016).IAS Plus. [online] Available at: https://www.iasplus.com [Accessed 3 Jan. 2016]. Icaew.com, (2016).Welcome to ICAEW.com | ICAEW. [online] Available at: https://www.icaew.com [Accessed 3 Jan. 2016]. Ifrs.org, (2016).Fair Value Measurement. [online] Available at: https://www.ifrs.org/Current-Projects/IASB-Projects/Fair-Value-Measurement/Pages/Fair-Value-Measurement.aspx [Accessed 3 Jan. 2016]. Ifrs.org, (2016).IFRS - Home. [online] Available at: https://www.ifrs.org [Accessed 3 Jan. 2016]. Mackenzie, B., Coetsee, D., Njikizana, T., Chamboko, R. and Colyvas, B. (2012).Wiley IFRS 2012. Hoboken: John Wiley Sons. Pwc., (2015).Manual of accounting ifrs 2015 supplement. [S.l.]: Bloomsbury Professional.

Insider Trading The Galleon Group Company â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Insider Trading The Galleon Group Company? Answer: Introduction The development of the securities industry has come under possible great threat of insider trading by the stakeholders involved in the trading exercise as well as the nature of business conducted in the market characterized by high risks of potential loss and potential gains. However, the Securities and Exchange Commission has set forth different rules governing the trading of securities in different security markets. Globally this market has been considered as one of the greatest markets with many players investing in different sectors of the economy and helping in growth and development of the economic status of different nations. Our case study provides a detailed analysis of a case of insider trading within the Galleon Group of companies and the resultant effects to the culprits of the exercise. The company is privately owned and provides services and information about investment such as company stocks, bonds and other financial instruments (Sinkovics et al. 2014, p. 668). The co mpany has been making money for itself as well as for others by picking stocks and managing portfolios and hedge funds for different investors. It affirms to the truth of the statement that information gathering techniques are still coned under or on the Wall Street. Much of these activities of business investment decisions are done by a team of experts who are trusted by the company to make decisions on behalf of the company in stock exchange market (Crane Matten 2016, p. 2). However, in most cases, many individuals have been found engaging in illegal trading for their own personal gain motives and have cost other stakeholders involved in the trading and in the market. Using our case study provided then we shall get to understand different views and concepts in relation to information seeking behaviors which lead to insider trading and the possible solutions to be undertaken by business regulators, investors and executives to reduce the practice, the implications of illegal inside r trading and effectiveness of secret investigations in prevention of sharing of non-public information Analysis of information gathering techniques on Wall Street and possible solutions to reduce the practice It is true to say that information seeking techniques like those of Rajaratnam are common on Wall Street today. Raj Rajaratnam is the head of Galleon had been accused and indicted of 14 counts of securities fraud and conspiracy by being sued by the Securities Exchange Commission for engaging in insider training. Globally, Rajaratnam was a smart person who was known for different achievements in business world despite having degree in engineering, he had received a number of awards and promotions due to his efforts in running business, his experience and skills in financial analysis and especially in the banking industry and a number of years of experience in the industry and was known to be very influential and engaged in dirty businesses to avoid taxation or engaged in illegal business actions as long as the benefits from the deals (Cheng et al. 2014, p. 18). Therefore no one had harbored any illusion that Galleon Raj Rajaratnam was going to beat the tap for insider trading until he was sentenced to 11 years by the court a ruling in which his lawyers and representatives termed to be centered on ensuring that the man spends her entire lifetime at the prison. Information seeking technique in this contest can be understood from the concept of inside trading in which the term is used to imply the buying and selling of a security by someone in a position or has access to material nonpublic information about the security (Nofsinger Varma 2014, p. 187). It may also be defined as a practice whereby company securities are traded by individuals or someone who by any virtue of work have access to the non-public information which can be crucial in making an investment decision. This practice is highly discouraged by the securities and exchange commissions with the aim of protecting fair trade in the market for the benefit of common investors who engage in trading without any information on the securities and are considered to be fair players in such a market. Insider trading can be illegal or legal at the same time (Lopatta et al. 2015, p. 476). Illegal insider trading as an information seeking technique involves tipping others when you have or are in a position of any sort of non-public information. On the other hand legal insider trading in most cases happen when business directors or executives of a company purchase or sell shares or other company securities but disclose the transactions legally. In context of our case study, information seeking techniques on Wall Street would imply the processes that are used to create and organize information in lower Manhattan originally known as the New York home of stock exchange and the historic headquarters of the largest US brokerage and investment banks (Augustin et al. 2015, p. 1). Therefore Wall Street can be assumed to have all the information related to the buying and selling of securities. Rajaratnam and five others had been accused of using the non-public information from company insiders and consultants to make millions in personal profits in which these company insiders gave or sold relevant company information to Rajaratnam through agreed terms for their own benefit. The practice is thus found to be illegal as it gives certain groups of people an unfair advantage in the market and is also said to put the interests of the insider above those to whom he or she owes a fiduciary as well as encourages an insider to artificially influence the value of a company stock (Niessner, 2015, p. 1). The companies involved in securities exchange as well as the government through the regulating body, in this case, the Securities and Exchange Commission should always try to prevent insider trading in order to ensure the integrity of the markets and maintain their reputation. The commission as the regulator can, therefore, conduct constant monitoring of the trading activities of diff erent companies especially through the company events such as acquisition and announcement of company securities which in one way or the other may vary the stock price significantly (Pevzner Xin 2015, p. 203). This can help to establish whether the traders were legitimate or the trade was as a result of insider information being provided to those who instituted the trade just as it was in the case of Rajaratnam and five others who were convicted for insider trading. The regulators, as well as the company directors and executives, can take into consideration the complaints raised by the traders who might have lost substantial sums on large trades and conduct investigations of insider trader as such malpractices may drive away the company current and potential investors (Gao et al. 2014, p. 166). Such complaints help then analyze and identify the players in the market who are trading against the principles and ethics of the industry. They can also seek to obtain tips from company or firms whistleblowers that come forward with knowledge of the people trading such information in the company for an appropriate action to be taken. This information may prove to be very crucial in preventing future likelihood of losses due to insider information effect. The law provides compensation of 10 to 30 percent of any fines and charges of culprits in the courts to be given to whistleblowers (Grinblatt Titman, 2016, p. 1). Lastly, the companies should ensure tha t all the company officers and directors involved in buying and selling of company securities clear all their transactions with the chief legal officer and in case of any illegality the company and the regulators can take appropriate legal measures to sue the culprits. Implications of sharing confidential material information or insider trading The implication of the sharing confidential information cuts across all the parties involved in the business and has been elaborated in our case study. It is therefore important for all the stakeholders in the market to ensure that the market is fair to all players. Companies whose shares are publicly traded are required by law to openly disclose their financial statements at the designated and scheduled dates to the stock exchange (Armour et al. 2017, p. 1435). When this happens the market is said to be trading on fairgrounds and on equal terms to interested parties. Markets should provide an equal trading ground for all the parties and it is important that ethical standards guiding the business operations are held high in the business world. Using our case study analysis it is important to note that, Rajaratnam being an investment analyst at Needham and Co was able to develop a great networking of important trading officers from different companies (Asker et al. 2014, p. 355). This kind of networking enabled him or granted hi power to make precise security market predictions about companys financial situations and therefore he was able to develop his own company the Galleon Raj. Since he was able to obtain information of other companies in the market such as the Goldman Sachs Group, Intel Corp and the Mckinsey and Co he was in a position to engage in fraudulent trading activities by committing fraud and conspiracy. It was possible for him to maintain an ethical state of mind and hired individual analysis to examine the companys financial statements. By doing so this would not have led to any illegality and his company could have as well made profits and execute it in a professional and ethical manner (Anderson, 2014, p. 1). However his conspiracy and fraud actions led to the suffering of his business which was taxed a lot of money, it cost the other people who conspired together and pleaded guilty of charges and had to serve a jail sentence. Insider trading is an unethical business practice and whenever a company insider shares confidential information with an investor gets an unfair advantage and interferes with the integrity of the market. It is therefore unfair to share any confidential material information. This is because insiders have access to information that is not given to the public. Unequal possession of information is an advantage that cannot be competed away because the advantage depends on a lawful privilege to which an outsider cannot acquire access. Confidentiality is a very important business ethics (Ventoruzzo 2015, p. 560). It is therefore important to maintain the confidentiality of the important company information to build the trust of investors and other stakeholders. Sharing of company information leads to lack of trust with the company and finally affects the growth of the business. One of the key issues in security markets that business or companies should take care is the market integrity. The main reason why there are regulators such as the security exchange commission and the government through the central banks of different nations in the industry is to maintain the integrity of the market. Sharing of non-public information leads to distortion of market integrity and results to lack of investors confidence (Henning 2015, p.3). For instance, in our case study, it is evident that after the sentence of Rajaratnam and the effects his conspiracy and fraud activities had to the securities market many investors got scared away as the market could not be trusted anymore for investment. Another implication of sharing non-public information to the public is the fact that it drives away investors or reduces their confidence with the companies. This is because there is always a certain group of investors who benefit from the securities due to their ability to access insider information and always have an advantage in the trading process. This will automatically affect my decisi on on trading in the security market as well as any other interested investor (Davidowitz 2014, p. 281). The knowledge of this information gives you the certainty that the market is unfair and unequal to all people or all players in the market. In a country that pursues justice, it will also not be right to engage in such business as this may have led to severe consequences from the side of the law just as it was to Rajaratnam and his associates in conspiracy and fraud. Impact of the secret investigation on Rajaratnam and his associates to other managers and investors By taking into consideration the case of Rajaratnam and the people he had in his network of committing conspiracy, fraud and insider trading, no one could have thought that the arm of the law would one day catch up with him. It was a shock to the nation and entire world that such crimes despite your business influence can have such implications and effects (Anderson 2015, p. 339). Most business managers and investors in security markets always boast of their confidence in the market affairs because of the insider information they have and the networks they have created with different expert analysts on the same as well as consultants. I believe that this secret investigation just as it was a shock to the global business world had the same impact on other business managers and investors who have been practicing the same conspiracy and fraud. It must have shocked and scared them as well and I believe the punishment the culprits received from the court judgment scared the company inside rs. I believe this acted as a lesson to be learned by these business leaders and managers and therefore my assumption is that they will trade with caution whenever dealing with security markets (Dolgopolov 2014, p. 3). The security exchange commission can as well remove those companies from being listed in the stock exchange markets completely for violating the market trading principles and business principles as well as ethical standards of trading in stock and security markets. Conducting a secret investigation helps in identifying not only the key suspects or culprits in the trading process but also destroying all the networks which may have been created and could as well resulted to business cartels in the industry. It helps in identification of the loopholes in the industry and therefore it will be difficult for managers and other investors to exploit the same loopholes in conducting their conspiracy and fraud activities (Sinkovics et al. 2014, p. 701). The impact that the conspiracy and the insider trading had on Galleon Company, as well as the insider companies, served also as a great lesson to manager and investors and therefore they will always be in fear of collapsing their businesses by acting in an unethical manner whereas there is a possibility of doing the same business in within the required legal framework by employing credible and ethical business analysts who will promote the integrity of the markets as well as protect the image of their bus inesses and build a long-lasting client relationships in their businesses. The investigation, therefore, played a vital role to the redemption of the industry and its likely to bring about future success in the industry by creating a platform where investors can trade on equal grounds and having a fair competition in the sector which will contribute to increased growth. Conclusion Every business ought to be conducted in an in an ethical environment and its the responsibility of business managers to ensure that they are socially responsible for their business activities. The security market which is characterized with the trading of stocks, bonds, and other financial instruments is very important in the development of an economy and therefore the relevant regulatory frameworks should be developed in order to promote and protect the integrity of the markets. Insider trading has been one of the greatest challenges of trading in security markets and has had the industry grow at a slow pace as compared to trading in commodity markets (HajliLin, 2016, p. 115). However with the implementation of the relevant protectionist and regulatory frameworks the market will always remain the biggest market in any economy. It is important that all the stakeholders involved in the market to collectively work together to maintain a healthy competition in the market by trading unde r the established trade guidelines, under the established ethical standards and the regulatory framework established by the security exchange commission. This case study, therefore, plays an important role in helping the business world understand the importance of business ethics and being socially responsible in business activities. References List Agrawal, A. and Cooper, T., Insider trading before accounting scandals. Journal of Corporate Finance, Vol 34, 2016, pp.169-190. Anderson, J. Greed, Envy, and the Criminalization of Insider Trading, Utah L. Rev. 2014, p.1. Anderson, J. Anticipating a Sea Change for Insider Trading Law: From Trading Plan Crisis to Rational Reform. Utah L. Rev, 2015, p.339. Armour, J., Mayer, C. and Polo, A. Regulatory sanctions and reputational damage in financial markets.Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Vol 52, no. 4, 2017, pp.1429-1448. Asker, J, Farre-Mensa, J. and Ljungqvist, A, Corporate investment and stock market listing: A puzzle?, The Review of Financial Studies, Vol 28, no, 2, 2017, pp.342-390. Augustin, P, Brenner, M. and Subrahmanyam, M., Informed options trading prior to MA announcements: Insider trading?. 2015, Press. Cheng, B., Ioannou, I. and Serafeim, G. Corporate social responsibility and access to finance Strategic Management Journal, Vol 35, no. 1, 2014, pp.1-23. Crane, A. and Matten, D, Business ethics: Managing corporate citizenship and sustainability in the age of globalization Oxford University Press, 2016. Davidowitz, S, Abandoning the Mosaic Theory: Why the Mosaic Theory of Securities Analysis Constitutes Illegal Insider Trading and What to Do about It. Wash. UJL Pol'y, Vol 46, 2014, p.281. Dolgopolov, S, High-Frequency Trading, Order Types, and the Evolution of the Securities Market Structure: One Whistleblower's Consequences for Securities Regulation, 2014. Gao, F, Lisic, L. and Zhang, I, Commitment to social good and insider trading.Journal of Accounting and Economics, Vol 57, no 2, 2014, pp.149-175. Grinblatt, M. and Titman, S., Financial markets corporate strategy. 2016 Hajli, N. and Lin, X, Exploring the security of information sharing on social networking sites: The role of perceived control of information Journal of Business Ethics, Vol 133, no. 1, 2016, pp.111-123. Henning, J, What's So Bad About Insider Trading Law?. Business Lawyer, Vol 70, no. 3, 2015. Lopatta, K., Buchholz, F. and Kaspereit, T, Asymmetric information and corporate social responsibility Business Society, Vol 55, no. 3, 2016, pp.458-488. Niessner, M., 2015.Strategic disclosure timing and insider trading. Nofsinger, J. and Varma, A. Socially responsible funds and market crises Journal of Banking Finance, 48, 2014, pp.180-193. Pevzner, M, Xie, F. and Xin, X, When firms talk, do investors listen? The role of trust in stock market reactions to corporate earnings announcements. Journal of Financial Economics, Vol 117, no. 1, 2015, pp.190-223. Sinkovics, N, Sinkovics, R. and Yamin, M, The role of social value creation in business model formulation at the bottom of the pyramidimplications for MNEs?. International Business Review, Vol 23, no. 4, 2014, pp.692-707. Ventoruzzo, M. Comparing insider trading in the United States and in the European Union: History and recent developments European Company and Financial Law Review, Vol 11, no. 4, 2015pp.554-593.