Museum Repatriation The Egyptian Revolution - 1039 Words

Museum Repatriation In 2011, the Egyptian Revolution sparked not only dramatic social and political changes in Egypt, but also drastic changes around the world. For years the former Minister of State for Antiquities Affairs, Zahi Hawass, unapologetically demanded the return of some of Ancient Egypt’s most valuable treasures including: the Rosetta Stone, the Statue of Hatshepsut, the Luxor Obelisk, the Zodiac Ceiling and Nefertiti’s Bust. He went as far as to formally demand them back and label them as ‘stolen artifacts’, even though he openly admitted Egypt has no legal claim to them. The chances of these artifacts being returned were incredibly slim even before the Egyptian Revolution, but after Egypt had no chance of reclaiming†¦show more content†¦Once a country obtains an item legally, they have the right to do whatever they want with it, including destroy it. The middle east is not a safe place for history (let alone people) right now. So, why would we sen d these artifacts back where they re not safe? One danger of keeping large quantities of artifacts together, is that if there were a disaster, it would affect all of them instead of only a few. The Louvre in Paris alone contains over 35,000 objects. If there were to be a natural disaster, it would affect all of these artifacts. However, many preventative measures are taken. EXPAND (What measures? Louvre fire 1999, example. Mona Lisa security.) Accessibility Along with the safety of the artifacts in certain countries in the middle east and Egypt, it s also not safe for visitors, especially from the United States, which makes the items much less accessible. A good example of this is Nefertiti’s bust. The famous bust was discovered by a German team in 1912, and has been displayed in Berlin since 1913 (with the exception of WWII when she was hidden in a salt mine for safety reasons). She is prominently displayed at the Neues Museum where over one million people visit her per year. In 2014, 9.8 million people visited Egypt, while 28.7 million people visited Berlin alone (VistitBerlin.de). HerShow MoreRelatedThe Recent Repatriation Laws Set Up By Egypt And The Subsequent Demands From The United States2160 Words   |  9 PagesThe recent repatriation laws set up by Egypt and the subsequent demands from other nations have stirred up great debates over who is to have possession over the priceless ancient artifacts. In the last few decades many countries including Egypt have proclaimed that they want the return of many of their uncovered artifacts. Egypt s demands stretch from museums in the United States to Europe, with growing controversy from both sides as to who rightfully owns these historical artifacts. Simply putRead MoreMuseums Essays10752 Words   |  44 PagesMuseum Museum, institution dedicated to helping people understand and appreciate the natural world, the history of civilizations, and the record of humanity’s artistic, scientific, and technological achievements. Museums collect objects of scientific, aesthetic, or historical importance; care for them; and study, interpret, and exhibit them for the purposes of public education and the advancement of knowledge. There are museums in almost every major city in the world and in many smaller communitiesRead MoreRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 Pagesstability.8 Callam starts in the right direction but ends his discussion by interpreting the Rastafarian movement in terms of Troeltschs church-sect typology, and thus he concludes that the Rastafarian emphases on individualism, sojourning, and repatriation militate against the emergence of formal organizational structures and, by implication, genuine routinization.9 These scholars have failed to afï ¬ rm the routinization of Rastafari primarily because they have uncritically accepted the idea that

Postpartum Depression Symptoms And Treatment Essay

Postpartum Depression is depression that occurs after performing childbirth. This condition is often mistaken for the â€Å"baby blues† which has similar symptoms such as tearfulness, extreme sadness, anxiety, self-doubt, and fatigue. However, the â€Å"baby blues† goes away within a few weeks after and unlike the â€Å"baby blues†, postpartum depression can cause suicidal thoughts, difficulty making decisions, and feeling too exhausted to get out of bed for hours. If postpartum depression is not treated properly or soon enough it can drastically effect the lives of those who have developed it as well as their families. This is because a mother is a very important figure in one’s life because she is the first person that an individual ever makes an emotional connection with; she’s also the first one to play the role of supplying nourishment to her child. Consequently, â€Å"PPD can affect familial relationships and a woman’s capacity to care for and bond with her newborn. Some research indicates that young children of depressed mothers are at increased risk of delay in cognitive and language development† (McGarry, Kim, Sheng, Egger, Baksh, 2009). Postpartum depression can take hold of a woman and her family’s life and is one of the most common complications of childbirth. However, â€Å"postpartum depression (PPD) is less frequently detected, treated, or the focus of obstetric research† (McGarry et al., 2009). This is because mothers suffering with postpartum depression are unable to seek properShow MoreRelatedPostpartum Depression : Symptoms And Treatment1700 Words   |  7 PagesWhen Postpartum Depression Leads to Psychosis According to authors Susan Dowd Stone and Alexis E. Menken postpartum depression can start during pregnancy which is called perinatal disorder (2008). During pregnancy, women can suffer through mood disorders which are a leading cause of postpartum depression. Women who are screened and diagnosed for depression are most likely to have postpartum depression. Doctors know to keep a close watch on these women who are found positive for depression. AfterRead MorePostpartum Depression : Symptoms And Treatments1518 Words   |  7 Pages2015). These are mild symptoms of depression and usually go away within two weeks after giving birth. However, the symptoms of unspecified depressive disorder with peripartum onset also known as postpartum depression (PPD) can be more intense and last significantly longer than the â€Å"baby blues.† According to the DSM-5 (American Psychiatric Association [APA] 2013), postpartum depression occurs during pregnancy or in the 4 weeks following deli very. Postpartum depression has symptoms that cause clinicallyRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Postpartum Depression2232 Words   |  9 PagesResearch Postpartum depression affects about 13% of new mothers within the first year after childbirth (Marrs, 2013). Every year there are nearly 4 million births and approximately 1 in 7 women experience postpartum depression (â€Å"Postpartum Depression-ACOG†, 2013). When a woman is screened for PPD, they are typically evaluated after giving birth and approximately 4-6 weeks after delivery. Screening can include the use of Postnatal questionnaires to determine the severity of the depression and the treatmentRead MorePostpartum Depression : Symptoms And Treatments Essay1101 Words   |  5 PagesDepression Postpartum in United States According to Merriam Webster Dictionary, depression is â€Å"a psychoneurotic or psychotic disorder marked especially by sadness, inactivity, difficulty in thinking and concentration, a significant increase or decrease in appetite and time spent sleeping, feelings of dejection and hopelessness, and sometimes suicidal tendencies.† According to the definition of the fourth version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), postpartum depressionRead MorePostpartum Depression : Symptoms And Treatment2159 Words   |  9 Pages Postpartum Depression Monica Hufford Eastern Florida State College Spring 2016 Total Word Count Postpartum Depression This paper give a in depth description of five different articles, all with the main subject being postpartum depression. The first three description are of experiments that have been carried out on postpartum depression, in the explanation of these journals the purpose, hypothesis, procedures, participants, results and limitations will be discussed. The last twoRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Postpartum Depression1902 Words   |  8 PagesPostpartum Depression The risk factors, symptoms and treatment methods Pregnancy and childbirth is a miraculous part of everyday life. The female body is able to carry a developing baby and bring another life into the world. However along with this great phenomenon, can come illness and mood disorders. Postpartum Depression is a serious and very common mental health problem that affects women after giving birth. It is a period of time when the new mother experiences changes in her hormonal levelRead MoreInformative Speech961 Words   |  4 PagesInformative Outline Topic: â€Å"Postpartum Depression† General Purpose: To inform Specific Purpose: To inform the audience about Postpartum Depression Thesis: Postpartum depression is a mood disorder that can greatly effect new mothers. Knowing how to recognize their symptoms and treating it can greatly increase chances of a healthy, happy living. Attention Getter: Imagine a bright sunny morning, lite clouds low chances of rain which is a great example of a perfect day. You receive a call from someoneRead MorePathophysiology And Effects Of Postpartum Depression1528 Words   |  7 PagesRhetoric Professor Jaffe The Pathophysiology Effects of Postpartum Depression After childbirth, around 85% of women experience some sort of mood change. For most, the symptoms, following childbirth are minor and brief, otherwise known as the baby blues. Though, 10 to 15% of a woman’s baby blues manifests and develops into postpartum depression and in extreme circumstances, psychosis (Zonana, J., Gorman, J., 2005). Postpartum depression is a multifaceted phenomenon with various components. ThisRead MorePostpartum Depression And Postpartum Psychosis1135 Words   |  5 PagesPostpartum Depression vs Postpartum Psychosis 1. Postpartum Depression vs Postpartum Psychosis 2. Faith Williams 3. Comp 1 4. Abstract Ongoing sleep deprivation, the intense experience of birth, radical role shifts, and hormonal fluctuations all collide to produce mood swings, irritability, and feelings of being overwhelmed in the majority of mothers. While as many as 80% experience some form of the â€Å"baby blues,† a smaller percentage experience Postpartum Depression, with even fewer momsRead Moreâ€Å"Postpartum Depression Affects 10% To 20% Of Women After1612 Words   |  7 Pages â€Å"Postpartum depression affects 10% to 20% of women after delivery, regardless of maternal age, race, parity, socioeconomic status, or level of education†.( Consise) Postpartum depression is a major depression episode that occurs after childbirth affecting not only the mother but also the child and family members. After the delivery of the placenta extending for about six weeks this is considered as as the postpartum period. This a critical period for the mother and new born physiological and

Cultural and Organizational Norms Followed by Tesla Motors

Question: Discuss about theCulture and Organization for Tesla Motors. Answer: Introduction Organizational culture impacts functioning and internal environment for every organization(Caligiuri, 2006). Scope of developing a proactive organizational culture is immense and leadership plays an imminent role in developing and supporting such organizational cultural dynamics. The scope of current report addresses leadership style of Elon Reeve Musk, CEO Tesla Motors in accordance to CLTs Global Dimensions of Leadership. Thus, the discussion pertains to leadership values that have led to transforming the current organizational culture. The existing organizational cultural framework in Tesla Motors that has been conducive to the current leadership. Analysis of issues and practices that let to adopting the Global Dimensions of Cultural Framework. Tesla Motors Tesla Motors, an American automobile manufacturer and energy storage company was established in 2003(Motors, About Tesla. About Tesla., 2015). The company is co-founded by Elon Musk, Marc Tarpenning, Martin Eberhard, JB Straubel and Ian Wright. The company manufactures electric cars, their powertrain components and battery charging equipment. The company is headquartered at Palo Alto, California in U.S. The company has as global customer base and Elon Musk is its current CEO. The company employs around 30,000 employees and attained fame in its production of the Tesla Roadster, being the first electric sports car. The company had a series of launches posts that and its second vehicle being an electric luxury sedan, Model S. The company has been making landmark sales from its introduction of various vehicles and crossed 150,000 units global sales. Elon Musk Elon Musk is an engineer cum inventor and a South African born Canadian-American business investor(Beechler, 2007). He co-founded Tesla Motors and fathered several innovative products for the company. Tesla Motors initially incorporated by Martin Eberhard and Marc Tarpenning was later co-founded and taken by Musk post financial crisis of the company in 2008. Musk took over in the leadership position of the company as a CEO and product architect. With his vision and hard work Tesla Motors is on a tremendous roads to prosperity and innovation. It is a market leader with very few competitors in the segment. Shareholders are always taken by surprise by the innovative and new dimensions provided by Musk to the company(Bolden, 2006). Tesla Motors Organizational Culture The scope of the report analysis the impact of organizational culture transformation that took place after Elon Musk joined and took over leadership position in the company. In the initial years of incorporation of the company Martin Eberhard and Marc Tarpenning financed the company. Then Series A round of funding was initiated in which Musk led as he had joined in as Chairman and had certain operational roles. He became the controlling investor from the first round of funding as he had invested a lot of personal funds into the business amounting to USD$7.5 million(Eberhard, 2006). Tesla was established with an aim to commercialize electric vehicle with launching of sports car and then transforming into manufacturing mainstream vehicles as sedans, affordable compacts for mass markets. The company was successful in picking up orders by signing production contracts with Group Lots. In Series B investments also Musk led the investment and in its third round it attracted entrepreneurs as Google founders Sergey Brin and Larry Page. With high amounts of investments brought in from such rounds the company was ready to innovate and march ahead. In spite of such high investments Musk highlights there was need in the company to reduce workforce to 10% due to employee burnout factors(Frey, 2011). Post 2008 when Musk assumed CEO at Tesla Motors he removed 25% of its employees and added another round of financing to save the company from bankruptcy. The year 2009 sw a series of landmark event for the company as US$187 million was raised where Musk had a significant contribution. With prototype Model S was displayed at a press conference that attracted Germanys Dailmer AG for investment of US$ 50 million also Toyota invested significant amount similar to Dailmer AG. Elon Musk played a dramatically transformative role in Tesla Motors by time and again saving the company from bankruptcy(Bird, 2010). He has been ever since been actively innovating and devising ways and means by which the company can perform and establish a sustainable future. Hence the report analyses the transformation into organizational culture brought about by Musk through his series of endeavors and commitment to organizational goals. Conceptual Framework Leadership has a complex structure and encompasses a wider range of variables that are utilized in managing of organizations. While various predominant management and leadership theories are existent the most applicable concept that has been adopted for the purpose of the study is Global Dimensions of Leadership, which is culturally endorsed implicit Leadership (CLT) that encompasses various dimensions of culture across globalization(Hardman, 2015). As Tesla Motors have a globalized customer as well as shareholder base, this is the most appropriate leadership style that is incorporated by Musk. Various other leadership framework are present that can be adopted in an organizational culture as Lewins Leadership Styles, that provided multiple approached for autocratic leaders, democratic leaders and laissez-faire. The Blake-Mouton Managerial Grid is a task-oriented and people-oriented style of leadership. Path-goal Theory which is a specific leadership style focused on completing a spec ific task. Flamholtz and Randles Leadership Style Matrix that is based on capability of people. It is divided into four quadrants and then identifies possible leadership style. Then there are specific leadership style as transformational and servant style of leadership(Morrish, 2010). The above styles of leadership is specific to a context and is one-dimensional in nature as it caters to a either being people oriented or tasks oriented. None of the approaches to leadership encompasses the cultural and globalization aspect. As in case of CLT where the cultural dimensions are added in order to arrive at leadership style followed by CEO of Tesla Motors. As the company has various shareholders from various countries and ethnic backgrounds this style of leadership will benefit the company and will be applicable to Elon Musk, who is the current CEO of the company. Characteristics of Musk can be matched against traits found in CLT Dimensions and overrides all other leadership theories or c oncepts. Musk is an extremely dynamic leader who has competencies in global cultures and has been able to convince and mold various companies across the world to invest in Tesla Motors. His skills in various rounds of investment in the company have been significant in saving the company from running into bankruptcy(Osland, 2006). Explanation Leadership framework are developed and employed in organizations such that they can cater to organizational needs of meeting its goals and objectives. There are various forms of leadership styles and methods for understanding leadership traits. The most applicable leadership that has been selected for the purpose of analysis of the report is Global Leadership(Von Krogh, 2012). Global Leadership consists of an interdisciplinary study that encompasses key elements amongst leaders such that they utilize their personal experiences for familiarizing with physiological, geographical, geopolitical, psychological and anthropological as well as sociological impacts from globalization. The scope of Global leadership is most applicable when an individual aims to collaborate efforts with various stakeholders in spite of environmental complexities with a vision to leverage global mindset. Trends that impact business as colonialism, mass media, innovation and other factors also affect humans in th eir business design and other aspects. The inbuilt talents amongst individuals will help navigate the various diverse issues and arrive at business decisions with focus on globalization(zsomer, 2008). Thus, while operating on a global platform there is immense impact of cross cultural predominance that impact business decisions amongst other variables. Careful examination of skills required to manage cross-cultural traits and behaviors amongst individuals reflected that there are 40 parameters. Geert Hofstedes made significant contribution to the field, by studying cultural parameters across 70 countries and boiled down to six different cultural parameters that can be used to lead, design and manage an entire organization culture effectively. After his diagnosing of the several different cultural parameters, the GLOBE Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness Research took over the works of Hofstedes(Luque). The study formed and grouped various different cultural data and put them in groups according to countries that had certain similarities. Thus, the Globe competency was formed. This consecutive developments led to the establishment of Culturally endorsed implicit leadership (CLT) based on certain values. Thus, incorporating globalization that changes rapidly conduct of organizations the values and features that were ascertained are charismatic or value based, team oriented, self-protective, participative, human orientation and autonomous. By incorporating in these leadership traits or values it became easier to serve the world(Hockerts, 2010). The values of leadership can be discussed as; Charismatic or value based: This is a dimension based on integrity, being performance oriented, decisiveness, visionary, inspirational and being self-sacrificing(Crossan, 2010). This type of leaders can become autocratic and in commanding position. Thus, these leaders are capable of influencing the entire team of individuals easily by their inspirations and in-built visions that drive the entire organization. Team Oriented: This type of leaders is diplomatic, team collaborated, administratively competent and integrative by nature. In case of a toxic leader he would easily malevolent alienating team in order to drive cohesion. The focus of these of leaders is on their team and hence they drive changes or incorporate any vision with dynamic team performances by collaborating with them. Self-protective: Leaders in this case are generally self-centered by nature and face-saving(Musyoki, 2016). They indulge in procedural behavior that can easily introduce conflicts by being conscious of status. Being over protective regarding their status, though they indulge in team work but rarely involves themselves in the conduct for their teams. Participative: Leaders in this domain are well-known for being extremely participative behavior to support the entire team of individuals for goal attainment. Leaders of this type generally indulge in active decision making by involving in feedback systems and team conduct(Kessler, 2015). Human orientation: Leaders of this characteristics are modest and have tremendous compassion for their job role in an altruistic behavior. Autonomous: This type of leaders is capable of functioning without any consultations or advice from anyone(Davies, 2006). These Global dimensions of culturally implicit leadership greatly benefit organizations and team consisting of individuals from varying cultures across the globe. Analysis Elon Musk has been characterized as a leader who is culturally endorsed implicit leader and encompasses several Globe trends. The company boards and employee base for Tesla Motors has a dynamic team structure that encompasses global attributes and structures. Team within Tesla is highly diversified which has matched the competencies that Musk has(House, 2008). His capabilities have led the teams for continued innovations and to thrive for success for the company. His tremendous involvement in the teams and driving them towards success have enable the stock price for the company to perform which has saved the company from bankruptcy. Under his guidance Tesla has been able to attract cross border investments from several leading groups as well. Some of the best start-up entrepreneurs have been attracted and invested in the capital. His demonstration for the company vision has accomplished high levels of achievements for the company. His traits can be highlighted as; Charismatic or value based: Musk is a highly charismatic leader with integrative, visionary and inspirational nature(Dorfman, 2012). He had opted for several rounds of financing for the company and due to his firm believe that the company has high prospects, he invested his own funds into the business. He has also been continuously involved in building innovative venture and promoting newer models by showcasing them in international shows and media. Such role of his has made investors across the world as Toyota take interest in investing in the company. Team Oriented: Musk is wide known for his firing several employees of the company after he joined the organization as a CEO(Musk, 2014). He has firm believe in employees who drive innovation and would be instrumental in bringing changes for the company. His team orientation has enabled high visionary accomplishment for the company in the market for electric cars. Self-Protective: Musk has occupied the leading position in several rounds of financing for the company and opted for investing a lot of his self-funds into the company. Elon Musk withdraws a salary of $1 and his compensation depends on stockholding options and rewards in terms of company performance. Hence, this depicts the high confidence and self-protective nature of his personality(Motors, Tesla Roadster Technology and Innovations. , 2011). Participative: With constant team participation and leading innovation for incorporating change within the organizational framework Musk has devised a number of steps that add to innovative strategies. With Musks constant involvement he aimed at creating cars of low volume in the expensive segment. He intended to uses the money in designing medium volume cars at lower price. Then he aimed at investing those funds for high volume cars. The company under his leadership also aimed at providing solar power for the entire community through their innovative techniques(Mangram, 2012). Human Orientation : Musk has compassion for others in his aim to develop solar polar and make energy affordable to all. Solar power will be cheap source of energy that can light up homes and even used for industrial purposes. His primary aims to lead the change in designing and manufacturing of electric cars is to develop a sustainable future that can accommodate and sustain cars without fossil fuels. Thereby reducing pollution and carbon footprints, which will immensely impact the environment. Such visions have attracted many entrepreneurs and investors to make their investments in the company. Musk being an engineers and being in the innovative team himself, he is able to accomplish such strategic aims for he company. Autonomous: Musk have been immensely self-driven without any consultation from any other stockholder for the company(Burke, 2007). His visions to incorporate energy storage and his compassion to devise cars in the electric segment has been phenomenal in driving changes for the company. Musk is a great leader and his leadership frame can be best accommodated by GLOBE studies in the area of cultural leadership. Thus, his ability to encompass a variety of cultural framework and lead the company have become famous world over. Conclusion Tesla Motors had a corporate vision aimed at creating electric cars that was catered to and developed by Elon Musk. Elon Musk with his investments in the company enabled development and innovation in the company. His characteristics of Globe Leadership Dimensions based on CLT has gained immense success for the company. His visions has developed a dynamic organizational culture characterized by hard work and innovation. Through his various indulgent in designing of various cars the industry has experienced new and technologically advanced cars segment that can match up to future capabilities and challenges posed by globalization. The several leadership undertaken by Musk is not only beneficial to the company but also to a broader aspect of creating a sustainable future by reducing pollution and global warming impacts. This reason has attracted immense amounts of investment and attractiveness for the company such that it can thrive and benefit in the future. Reference List Beechler, S. . (2007). Leading with a global mindset. . Advances in international management, 131-169. Bird, A. M. (2010). Defining the content domain of intercultural competence for global leaders. . Journal of Managerial Psychology, 810-828. Bolden, R. . (2006). Leadership competencies: time to change the tune?. . Leadership, 147-163. Burke, C. S. (2007). Trust in leadership: A multi-level review and integration. . The Leadership Quarterly, 606-632. Caligiuri, P. (2006). Developing global leaders. . Human Resource Management Review, 219-228. Crossan, M. M. (2010). A multi?dimensional framework of organizational innovation: A systematic review of the literature. . Journal of management studies, 1154-1191. Davies, L. (2006). Global citizenship: abstraction or framework for action?. . Educational review, 5-25. Dorfman, P. J. (2012). GLOBE: A twenty year journey into the intriguing world of culture and leadership. . Journal of World Business, 504-518. Eberhard, M. . (2006). The 21 st Century Electric Car Tesla Motors. . Tesla Motors. Frey, P. D. (2011). U.S. Patent No. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office., 757. Hardman, S. S.-W. (2015). Changing the fate of Fuel Cell Vehicles: Can lessons be learnt from Tesla Motors?. . International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 1625-1638. Hockerts, K. . (2010). Greening Goliaths versus emerging DavidsTheorizing about the role of incumbents and new entrants in sustainable entrepreneurship. . Journal of Business Venturing, 481-492. House, R. J. (2008). Culture, Leadership; I Organizations. Kessler, A. M. (2015). Elon Musk Says Self-Driving Tesla Cars Will Be in the US by Summer. . The New York Times, B1. Luque, M. S. (n.d.). Project GLOBE: Insights into the Study of Culture and Leadership. . Wiley Encyclopedia of Management. Mangram, M. E. (2012). The globalization of Tesla Motors: a strategic marketing plan analysis. . Journal of Strategic Marketing, 289-312. Morrish, S. C. (2010). Entrepreneurial marketing: acknowledging the entrepreneur and customer-centric interrelationship. . Journal of Strategic Marketing, 303-316. Motors, T. (2011). Tesla Roadster Technology and Innovations. . Tesla Motors. Motors, T. (2015). About Tesla. About Tesla. Tesla Motors, 1. Musk, E. (2014). All our patent are belong to you. Palo Alto, CA. Tesla Motors, 12. Musyoki, S. M. (2016). Roles and responsibilities for post-ODF engagement: building an enabling institutional environment for CLTS sustainability. . Sustainable Sanitation for All: Experiences, challenges, and innovations, 167. Osland, J. S. (2006). 11 Developing global leadership capabilities and global mindset: a review. . Handbook of research in international human resource management, 197. zsomer, A. . (2008). Global brand purchase likelihood: A critical synthesis and an integrated conceptual framework. . Journal of International Marketing, 1-28. Von Krogh, G. N. (2012). Leadership in organizational knowledge creation: a review and framework. . Journal of Management Studies, 240-277.

Realism, Naturalism, and Modernism Period

Realism, Naturism and Modernism period is one of the most fascinating elements of African American literature. Many of the writers of this period emphasize the harshness of African American life in their work. These writers are simply unapologetic in the way they view life. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Realism, Naturalism, and Modernism Period specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Writers of this period held that these three terms had outstanding differences. â€Å"Realism is a window by which to view the lives of ordinary people; naturalism examines the most raw and real variables of a culture while modernism is a contemporary form that allows artists to experiment with new styles† (Hakutani 5). Harlem Renaissance preceded the entry of these writers in literature scene, which happened between 1940 and 1960. Important writers of this era include Melvin Tolson, Ann Perry, Ralph Ellison, Gwendolyn Brooks, and Richard Wright among others. However, Richard Wright is the most important figure of this period; actually, the other writers were said to have attended â€Å"Wright School.† There are different reasons why these writers were said to have attended â€Å"Wright School.† Firstly, Richard Wright came before any other writer of this period; he lived between 1908 and 1960. The other writers emulated Wright and bought his theories. Wright never accepted most of the writings from Harlem Renaissance; therefore, he became a big critic of these writings. The other writers that came after Wright held his believes and became critics of Harlem Renaissance writings. This is the reason they were said to have attended â€Å"Wright School.† Moreover, Wright concerned himself with exposing the challenges that were facing black Americans in urban areas; something that the writers that came after him exposed and analyzed further. The description given to the writers of this age i s accurate. For instance, Ralph Ellison, in his book Invisible Man, talks of challenges that blacks were facing. The only difference between Ralph’s work and that of Wright is that, â€Å"Ralph’s characters were articulate, educated, and self-aware† (Hakutani 9). Change of characters does not change theme; therefore, Ralph emulated Wright. Gwendolyn Brook also touched on the challenges facing blacks through her poems. Her main agenda was to call blacks into social and economic awareness, something that was conspicuously missing during Harlem Renaissance. Maud Martha; one of Brooks’ outstanding poems is about life of a young black woman from her birth to marriage exposing the challenges that she went through.Advertising Looking for essay on african american? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Other writers like James Baldwin, â€Å"Spoke of pain and suffering of black Americans and saving power of bro therhood† (Hakutani 11). Baldwin’s writings were inspired by personal experiences that he went through under a strict father and a discriminating society. Finally, Lorraine Hansberry, â€Å"Explored African roots of African-American experiences especially the segregation issue her family dealt with in Chicago† (Hakutani 11). Taking a close look at the literature works of these writers, it is evident that they were unapologetic about their standpoint. They wanted the world to know the sufferings of blacks in America during those times. However, Wright was the ‘father’ of them all for he was the first to write about blacks and criticize Harlem Renaissance writings. Therefore, it is appropriate to say that writers of Realism, Naturism, and Modernism period attended â€Å"Wright School.† These writers matured under the intimidation of Harlem Renaissance; having been provoked by the same, the entry of realism, naturism, and modernism period offere d them an opportunity to express their thoughts and feelings unapologetically and harshly. Works Cited Hakutani, Yoshinobu. â€Å"Richard Wright: Critical Perspectives Past and Present.† African American Review. Kent University, 1995. This essay on Realism, Naturalism, and Modernism Period was written and submitted by user Callen S. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.