Museum Repatriation The Egyptian Revolution - 1039 Words

Museum Repatriation In 2011, the Egyptian Revolution sparked not only dramatic social and political changes in Egypt, but also drastic changes around the world. For years the former Minister of State for Antiquities Affairs, Zahi Hawass, unapologetically demanded the return of some of Ancient Egypt’s most valuable treasures including: the Rosetta Stone, the Statue of Hatshepsut, the Luxor Obelisk, the Zodiac Ceiling and Nefertiti’s Bust. He went as far as to formally demand them back and label them as ‘stolen artifacts’, even though he openly admitted Egypt has no legal claim to them. The chances of these artifacts being returned were incredibly slim even before the Egyptian Revolution, but after Egypt had no chance of reclaiming†¦show more content†¦Once a country obtains an item legally, they have the right to do whatever they want with it, including destroy it. The middle east is not a safe place for history (let alone people) right now. So, why would we sen d these artifacts back where they re not safe? One danger of keeping large quantities of artifacts together, is that if there were a disaster, it would affect all of them instead of only a few. The Louvre in Paris alone contains over 35,000 objects. If there were to be a natural disaster, it would affect all of these artifacts. However, many preventative measures are taken. EXPAND (What measures? Louvre fire 1999, example. Mona Lisa security.) Accessibility Along with the safety of the artifacts in certain countries in the middle east and Egypt, it s also not safe for visitors, especially from the United States, which makes the items much less accessible. A good example of this is Nefertiti’s bust. The famous bust was discovered by a German team in 1912, and has been displayed in Berlin since 1913 (with the exception of WWII when she was hidden in a salt mine for safety reasons). She is prominently displayed at the Neues Museum where over one million people visit her per year. In 2014, 9.8 million people visited Egypt, while 28.7 million people visited Berlin alone (VistitBerlin.de). HerShow MoreRelatedThe Recent Repatriation Laws Set Up By Egypt And The Subsequent Demands From The United States2160 Words   |  9 PagesThe recent repatriation laws set up by Egypt and the subsequent demands from other nations have stirred up great debates over who is to have possession over the priceless ancient artifacts. In the last few decades many countries including Egypt have proclaimed that they want the return of many of their uncovered artifacts. Egypt s demands stretch from museums in the United States to Europe, with growing controversy from both sides as to who rightfully owns these historical artifacts. Simply putRead MoreMuseums Essays10752 Words   |  44 PagesMuseum Museum, institution dedicated to helping people understand and appreciate the natural world, the history of civilizations, and the record of humanity’s artistic, scientific, and technological achievements. Museums collect objects of scientific, aesthetic, or historical importance; care for them; and study, interpret, and exhibit them for the purposes of public education and the advancement of knowledge. There are museums in almost every major city in the world and in many smaller communitiesRead MoreRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 Pagesstability.8 Callam starts in the right direction but ends his discussion by interpreting the Rastafarian movement in terms of Troeltschs church-sect typology, and thus he concludes that the Rastafarian emphases on individualism, sojourning, and repatriation militate against the emergence of formal organizational structures and, by implication, genuine routinization.9 These scholars have failed to afï ¬ rm the routinization of Rastafari primarily because they have uncritically accepted the idea that

Postpartum Depression Symptoms And Treatment Essay

Postpartum Depression is depression that occurs after performing childbirth. This condition is often mistaken for the â€Å"baby blues† which has similar symptoms such as tearfulness, extreme sadness, anxiety, self-doubt, and fatigue. However, the â€Å"baby blues† goes away within a few weeks after and unlike the â€Å"baby blues†, postpartum depression can cause suicidal thoughts, difficulty making decisions, and feeling too exhausted to get out of bed for hours. If postpartum depression is not treated properly or soon enough it can drastically effect the lives of those who have developed it as well as their families. This is because a mother is a very important figure in one’s life because she is the first person that an individual ever makes an emotional connection with; she’s also the first one to play the role of supplying nourishment to her child. Consequently, â€Å"PPD can affect familial relationships and a woman’s capacity to care for and bond with her newborn. Some research indicates that young children of depressed mothers are at increased risk of delay in cognitive and language development† (McGarry, Kim, Sheng, Egger, Baksh, 2009). Postpartum depression can take hold of a woman and her family’s life and is one of the most common complications of childbirth. However, â€Å"postpartum depression (PPD) is less frequently detected, treated, or the focus of obstetric research† (McGarry et al., 2009). This is because mothers suffering with postpartum depression are unable to seek properShow MoreRelatedPostpartum Depression : Symptoms And Treatment1700 Words   |  7 PagesWhen Postpartum Depression Leads to Psychosis According to authors Susan Dowd Stone and Alexis E. Menken postpartum depression can start during pregnancy which is called perinatal disorder (2008). During pregnancy, women can suffer through mood disorders which are a leading cause of postpartum depression. Women who are screened and diagnosed for depression are most likely to have postpartum depression. Doctors know to keep a close watch on these women who are found positive for depression. AfterRead MorePostpartum Depression : Symptoms And Treatments1518 Words   |  7 Pages2015). These are mild symptoms of depression and usually go away within two weeks after giving birth. However, the symptoms of unspecified depressive disorder with peripartum onset also known as postpartum depression (PPD) can be more intense and last significantly longer than the â€Å"baby blues.† According to the DSM-5 (American Psychiatric Association [APA] 2013), postpartum depression occurs during pregnancy or in the 4 weeks following deli very. Postpartum depression has symptoms that cause clinicallyRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Postpartum Depression2232 Words   |  9 PagesResearch Postpartum depression affects about 13% of new mothers within the first year after childbirth (Marrs, 2013). Every year there are nearly 4 million births and approximately 1 in 7 women experience postpartum depression (â€Å"Postpartum Depression-ACOG†, 2013). When a woman is screened for PPD, they are typically evaluated after giving birth and approximately 4-6 weeks after delivery. Screening can include the use of Postnatal questionnaires to determine the severity of the depression and the treatmentRead MorePostpartum Depression : Symptoms And Treatments Essay1101 Words   |  5 PagesDepression Postpartum in United States According to Merriam Webster Dictionary, depression is â€Å"a psychoneurotic or psychotic disorder marked especially by sadness, inactivity, difficulty in thinking and concentration, a significant increase or decrease in appetite and time spent sleeping, feelings of dejection and hopelessness, and sometimes suicidal tendencies.† According to the definition of the fourth version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), postpartum depressionRead MorePostpartum Depression : Symptoms And Treatment2159 Words   |  9 Pages Postpartum Depression Monica Hufford Eastern Florida State College Spring 2016 Total Word Count Postpartum Depression This paper give a in depth description of five different articles, all with the main subject being postpartum depression. The first three description are of experiments that have been carried out on postpartum depression, in the explanation of these journals the purpose, hypothesis, procedures, participants, results and limitations will be discussed. The last twoRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Postpartum Depression1902 Words   |  8 PagesPostpartum Depression The risk factors, symptoms and treatment methods Pregnancy and childbirth is a miraculous part of everyday life. The female body is able to carry a developing baby and bring another life into the world. However along with this great phenomenon, can come illness and mood disorders. Postpartum Depression is a serious and very common mental health problem that affects women after giving birth. It is a period of time when the new mother experiences changes in her hormonal levelRead MoreInformative Speech961 Words   |  4 PagesInformative Outline Topic: â€Å"Postpartum Depression† General Purpose: To inform Specific Purpose: To inform the audience about Postpartum Depression Thesis: Postpartum depression is a mood disorder that can greatly effect new mothers. Knowing how to recognize their symptoms and treating it can greatly increase chances of a healthy, happy living. Attention Getter: Imagine a bright sunny morning, lite clouds low chances of rain which is a great example of a perfect day. You receive a call from someoneRead MorePathophysiology And Effects Of Postpartum Depression1528 Words   |  7 PagesRhetoric Professor Jaffe The Pathophysiology Effects of Postpartum Depression After childbirth, around 85% of women experience some sort of mood change. For most, the symptoms, following childbirth are minor and brief, otherwise known as the baby blues. Though, 10 to 15% of a woman’s baby blues manifests and develops into postpartum depression and in extreme circumstances, psychosis (Zonana, J., Gorman, J., 2005). Postpartum depression is a multifaceted phenomenon with various components. ThisRead MorePostpartum Depression And Postpartum Psychosis1135 Words   |  5 PagesPostpartum Depression vs Postpartum Psychosis 1. Postpartum Depression vs Postpartum Psychosis 2. Faith Williams 3. Comp 1 4. Abstract Ongoing sleep deprivation, the intense experience of birth, radical role shifts, and hormonal fluctuations all collide to produce mood swings, irritability, and feelings of being overwhelmed in the majority of mothers. While as many as 80% experience some form of the â€Å"baby blues,† a smaller percentage experience Postpartum Depression, with even fewer momsRead Moreâ€Å"Postpartum Depression Affects 10% To 20% Of Women After1612 Words   |  7 Pages â€Å"Postpartum depression affects 10% to 20% of women after delivery, regardless of maternal age, race, parity, socioeconomic status, or level of education†.( Consise) Postpartum depression is a major depression episode that occurs after childbirth affecting not only the mother but also the child and family members. After the delivery of the placenta extending for about six weeks this is considered as as the postpartum period. This a critical period for the mother and new born physiological and

Cultural and Organizational Norms Followed by Tesla Motors

Question: Discuss about theCulture and Organization for Tesla Motors. Answer: Introduction Organizational culture impacts functioning and internal environment for every organization(Caligiuri, 2006). Scope of developing a proactive organizational culture is immense and leadership plays an imminent role in developing and supporting such organizational cultural dynamics. The scope of current report addresses leadership style of Elon Reeve Musk, CEO Tesla Motors in accordance to CLTs Global Dimensions of Leadership. Thus, the discussion pertains to leadership values that have led to transforming the current organizational culture. The existing organizational cultural framework in Tesla Motors that has been conducive to the current leadership. Analysis of issues and practices that let to adopting the Global Dimensions of Cultural Framework. Tesla Motors Tesla Motors, an American automobile manufacturer and energy storage company was established in 2003(Motors, About Tesla. About Tesla., 2015). The company is co-founded by Elon Musk, Marc Tarpenning, Martin Eberhard, JB Straubel and Ian Wright. The company manufactures electric cars, their powertrain components and battery charging equipment. The company is headquartered at Palo Alto, California in U.S. The company has as global customer base and Elon Musk is its current CEO. The company employs around 30,000 employees and attained fame in its production of the Tesla Roadster, being the first electric sports car. The company had a series of launches posts that and its second vehicle being an electric luxury sedan, Model S. The company has been making landmark sales from its introduction of various vehicles and crossed 150,000 units global sales. Elon Musk Elon Musk is an engineer cum inventor and a South African born Canadian-American business investor(Beechler, 2007). He co-founded Tesla Motors and fathered several innovative products for the company. Tesla Motors initially incorporated by Martin Eberhard and Marc Tarpenning was later co-founded and taken by Musk post financial crisis of the company in 2008. Musk took over in the leadership position of the company as a CEO and product architect. With his vision and hard work Tesla Motors is on a tremendous roads to prosperity and innovation. It is a market leader with very few competitors in the segment. Shareholders are always taken by surprise by the innovative and new dimensions provided by Musk to the company(Bolden, 2006). Tesla Motors Organizational Culture The scope of the report analysis the impact of organizational culture transformation that took place after Elon Musk joined and took over leadership position in the company. In the initial years of incorporation of the company Martin Eberhard and Marc Tarpenning financed the company. Then Series A round of funding was initiated in which Musk led as he had joined in as Chairman and had certain operational roles. He became the controlling investor from the first round of funding as he had invested a lot of personal funds into the business amounting to USD$7.5 million(Eberhard, 2006). Tesla was established with an aim to commercialize electric vehicle with launching of sports car and then transforming into manufacturing mainstream vehicles as sedans, affordable compacts for mass markets. The company was successful in picking up orders by signing production contracts with Group Lots. In Series B investments also Musk led the investment and in its third round it attracted entrepreneurs as Google founders Sergey Brin and Larry Page. With high amounts of investments brought in from such rounds the company was ready to innovate and march ahead. In spite of such high investments Musk highlights there was need in the company to reduce workforce to 10% due to employee burnout factors(Frey, 2011). Post 2008 when Musk assumed CEO at Tesla Motors he removed 25% of its employees and added another round of financing to save the company from bankruptcy. The year 2009 sw a series of landmark event for the company as US$187 million was raised where Musk had a significant contribution. With prototype Model S was displayed at a press conference that attracted Germanys Dailmer AG for investment of US$ 50 million also Toyota invested significant amount similar to Dailmer AG. Elon Musk played a dramatically transformative role in Tesla Motors by time and again saving the company from bankruptcy(Bird, 2010). He has been ever since been actively innovating and devising ways and means by which the company can perform and establish a sustainable future. Hence the report analyses the transformation into organizational culture brought about by Musk through his series of endeavors and commitment to organizational goals. Conceptual Framework Leadership has a complex structure and encompasses a wider range of variables that are utilized in managing of organizations. While various predominant management and leadership theories are existent the most applicable concept that has been adopted for the purpose of the study is Global Dimensions of Leadership, which is culturally endorsed implicit Leadership (CLT) that encompasses various dimensions of culture across globalization(Hardman, 2015). As Tesla Motors have a globalized customer as well as shareholder base, this is the most appropriate leadership style that is incorporated by Musk. Various other leadership framework are present that can be adopted in an organizational culture as Lewins Leadership Styles, that provided multiple approached for autocratic leaders, democratic leaders and laissez-faire. The Blake-Mouton Managerial Grid is a task-oriented and people-oriented style of leadership. Path-goal Theory which is a specific leadership style focused on completing a spec ific task. Flamholtz and Randles Leadership Style Matrix that is based on capability of people. It is divided into four quadrants and then identifies possible leadership style. Then there are specific leadership style as transformational and servant style of leadership(Morrish, 2010). The above styles of leadership is specific to a context and is one-dimensional in nature as it caters to a either being people oriented or tasks oriented. None of the approaches to leadership encompasses the cultural and globalization aspect. As in case of CLT where the cultural dimensions are added in order to arrive at leadership style followed by CEO of Tesla Motors. As the company has various shareholders from various countries and ethnic backgrounds this style of leadership will benefit the company and will be applicable to Elon Musk, who is the current CEO of the company. Characteristics of Musk can be matched against traits found in CLT Dimensions and overrides all other leadership theories or c oncepts. Musk is an extremely dynamic leader who has competencies in global cultures and has been able to convince and mold various companies across the world to invest in Tesla Motors. His skills in various rounds of investment in the company have been significant in saving the company from running into bankruptcy(Osland, 2006). Explanation Leadership framework are developed and employed in organizations such that they can cater to organizational needs of meeting its goals and objectives. There are various forms of leadership styles and methods for understanding leadership traits. The most applicable leadership that has been selected for the purpose of analysis of the report is Global Leadership(Von Krogh, 2012). Global Leadership consists of an interdisciplinary study that encompasses key elements amongst leaders such that they utilize their personal experiences for familiarizing with physiological, geographical, geopolitical, psychological and anthropological as well as sociological impacts from globalization. The scope of Global leadership is most applicable when an individual aims to collaborate efforts with various stakeholders in spite of environmental complexities with a vision to leverage global mindset. Trends that impact business as colonialism, mass media, innovation and other factors also affect humans in th eir business design and other aspects. The inbuilt talents amongst individuals will help navigate the various diverse issues and arrive at business decisions with focus on globalization(zsomer, 2008). Thus, while operating on a global platform there is immense impact of cross cultural predominance that impact business decisions amongst other variables. Careful examination of skills required to manage cross-cultural traits and behaviors amongst individuals reflected that there are 40 parameters. Geert Hofstedes made significant contribution to the field, by studying cultural parameters across 70 countries and boiled down to six different cultural parameters that can be used to lead, design and manage an entire organization culture effectively. After his diagnosing of the several different cultural parameters, the GLOBE Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness Research took over the works of Hofstedes(Luque). The study formed and grouped various different cultural data and put them in groups according to countries that had certain similarities. Thus, the Globe competency was formed. This consecutive developments led to the establishment of Culturally endorsed implicit leadership (CLT) based on certain values. Thus, incorporating globalization that changes rapidly conduct of organizations the values and features that were ascertained are charismatic or value based, team oriented, self-protective, participative, human orientation and autonomous. By incorporating in these leadership traits or values it became easier to serve the world(Hockerts, 2010). The values of leadership can be discussed as; Charismatic or value based: This is a dimension based on integrity, being performance oriented, decisiveness, visionary, inspirational and being self-sacrificing(Crossan, 2010). This type of leaders can become autocratic and in commanding position. Thus, these leaders are capable of influencing the entire team of individuals easily by their inspirations and in-built visions that drive the entire organization. Team Oriented: This type of leaders is diplomatic, team collaborated, administratively competent and integrative by nature. In case of a toxic leader he would easily malevolent alienating team in order to drive cohesion. The focus of these of leaders is on their team and hence they drive changes or incorporate any vision with dynamic team performances by collaborating with them. Self-protective: Leaders in this case are generally self-centered by nature and face-saving(Musyoki, 2016). They indulge in procedural behavior that can easily introduce conflicts by being conscious of status. Being over protective regarding their status, though they indulge in team work but rarely involves themselves in the conduct for their teams. Participative: Leaders in this domain are well-known for being extremely participative behavior to support the entire team of individuals for goal attainment. Leaders of this type generally indulge in active decision making by involving in feedback systems and team conduct(Kessler, 2015). Human orientation: Leaders of this characteristics are modest and have tremendous compassion for their job role in an altruistic behavior. Autonomous: This type of leaders is capable of functioning without any consultations or advice from anyone(Davies, 2006). These Global dimensions of culturally implicit leadership greatly benefit organizations and team consisting of individuals from varying cultures across the globe. Analysis Elon Musk has been characterized as a leader who is culturally endorsed implicit leader and encompasses several Globe trends. The company boards and employee base for Tesla Motors has a dynamic team structure that encompasses global attributes and structures. Team within Tesla is highly diversified which has matched the competencies that Musk has(House, 2008). His capabilities have led the teams for continued innovations and to thrive for success for the company. His tremendous involvement in the teams and driving them towards success have enable the stock price for the company to perform which has saved the company from bankruptcy. Under his guidance Tesla has been able to attract cross border investments from several leading groups as well. Some of the best start-up entrepreneurs have been attracted and invested in the capital. His demonstration for the company vision has accomplished high levels of achievements for the company. His traits can be highlighted as; Charismatic or value based: Musk is a highly charismatic leader with integrative, visionary and inspirational nature(Dorfman, 2012). He had opted for several rounds of financing for the company and due to his firm believe that the company has high prospects, he invested his own funds into the business. He has also been continuously involved in building innovative venture and promoting newer models by showcasing them in international shows and media. Such role of his has made investors across the world as Toyota take interest in investing in the company. Team Oriented: Musk is wide known for his firing several employees of the company after he joined the organization as a CEO(Musk, 2014). He has firm believe in employees who drive innovation and would be instrumental in bringing changes for the company. His team orientation has enabled high visionary accomplishment for the company in the market for electric cars. Self-Protective: Musk has occupied the leading position in several rounds of financing for the company and opted for investing a lot of his self-funds into the company. Elon Musk withdraws a salary of $1 and his compensation depends on stockholding options and rewards in terms of company performance. Hence, this depicts the high confidence and self-protective nature of his personality(Motors, Tesla Roadster Technology and Innovations. , 2011). Participative: With constant team participation and leading innovation for incorporating change within the organizational framework Musk has devised a number of steps that add to innovative strategies. With Musks constant involvement he aimed at creating cars of low volume in the expensive segment. He intended to uses the money in designing medium volume cars at lower price. Then he aimed at investing those funds for high volume cars. The company under his leadership also aimed at providing solar power for the entire community through their innovative techniques(Mangram, 2012). Human Orientation : Musk has compassion for others in his aim to develop solar polar and make energy affordable to all. Solar power will be cheap source of energy that can light up homes and even used for industrial purposes. His primary aims to lead the change in designing and manufacturing of electric cars is to develop a sustainable future that can accommodate and sustain cars without fossil fuels. Thereby reducing pollution and carbon footprints, which will immensely impact the environment. Such visions have attracted many entrepreneurs and investors to make their investments in the company. Musk being an engineers and being in the innovative team himself, he is able to accomplish such strategic aims for he company. Autonomous: Musk have been immensely self-driven without any consultation from any other stockholder for the company(Burke, 2007). His visions to incorporate energy storage and his compassion to devise cars in the electric segment has been phenomenal in driving changes for the company. Musk is a great leader and his leadership frame can be best accommodated by GLOBE studies in the area of cultural leadership. Thus, his ability to encompass a variety of cultural framework and lead the company have become famous world over. Conclusion Tesla Motors had a corporate vision aimed at creating electric cars that was catered to and developed by Elon Musk. Elon Musk with his investments in the company enabled development and innovation in the company. His characteristics of Globe Leadership Dimensions based on CLT has gained immense success for the company. His visions has developed a dynamic organizational culture characterized by hard work and innovation. Through his various indulgent in designing of various cars the industry has experienced new and technologically advanced cars segment that can match up to future capabilities and challenges posed by globalization. The several leadership undertaken by Musk is not only beneficial to the company but also to a broader aspect of creating a sustainable future by reducing pollution and global warming impacts. This reason has attracted immense amounts of investment and attractiveness for the company such that it can thrive and benefit in the future. Reference List Beechler, S. . (2007). Leading with a global mindset. . Advances in international management, 131-169. Bird, A. M. (2010). Defining the content domain of intercultural competence for global leaders. . Journal of Managerial Psychology, 810-828. Bolden, R. . (2006). Leadership competencies: time to change the tune?. . Leadership, 147-163. Burke, C. S. (2007). Trust in leadership: A multi-level review and integration. . The Leadership Quarterly, 606-632. Caligiuri, P. (2006). Developing global leaders. . Human Resource Management Review, 219-228. Crossan, M. M. (2010). A multi?dimensional framework of organizational innovation: A systematic review of the literature. . Journal of management studies, 1154-1191. Davies, L. (2006). Global citizenship: abstraction or framework for action?. . Educational review, 5-25. Dorfman, P. J. (2012). GLOBE: A twenty year journey into the intriguing world of culture and leadership. . Journal of World Business, 504-518. Eberhard, M. . (2006). The 21 st Century Electric Car Tesla Motors. . Tesla Motors. Frey, P. D. (2011). U.S. Patent No. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office., 757. Hardman, S. S.-W. (2015). Changing the fate of Fuel Cell Vehicles: Can lessons be learnt from Tesla Motors?. . International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 1625-1638. Hockerts, K. . (2010). Greening Goliaths versus emerging DavidsTheorizing about the role of incumbents and new entrants in sustainable entrepreneurship. . Journal of Business Venturing, 481-492. House, R. J. (2008). Culture, Leadership; I Organizations. Kessler, A. M. (2015). Elon Musk Says Self-Driving Tesla Cars Will Be in the US by Summer. . The New York Times, B1. Luque, M. S. (n.d.). Project GLOBE: Insights into the Study of Culture and Leadership. . Wiley Encyclopedia of Management. Mangram, M. E. (2012). The globalization of Tesla Motors: a strategic marketing plan analysis. . Journal of Strategic Marketing, 289-312. Morrish, S. C. (2010). Entrepreneurial marketing: acknowledging the entrepreneur and customer-centric interrelationship. . Journal of Strategic Marketing, 303-316. Motors, T. (2011). Tesla Roadster Technology and Innovations. . Tesla Motors. Motors, T. (2015). About Tesla. About Tesla. Tesla Motors, 1. Musk, E. (2014). All our patent are belong to you. Palo Alto, CA. Tesla Motors, 12. Musyoki, S. M. (2016). Roles and responsibilities for post-ODF engagement: building an enabling institutional environment for CLTS sustainability. . Sustainable Sanitation for All: Experiences, challenges, and innovations, 167. Osland, J. S. (2006). 11 Developing global leadership capabilities and global mindset: a review. . Handbook of research in international human resource management, 197. zsomer, A. . (2008). Global brand purchase likelihood: A critical synthesis and an integrated conceptual framework. . Journal of International Marketing, 1-28. Von Krogh, G. N. (2012). Leadership in organizational knowledge creation: a review and framework. . Journal of Management Studies, 240-277.

Realism, Naturalism, and Modernism Period

Realism, Naturism and Modernism period is one of the most fascinating elements of African American literature. Many of the writers of this period emphasize the harshness of African American life in their work. These writers are simply unapologetic in the way they view life. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Realism, Naturalism, and Modernism Period specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Writers of this period held that these three terms had outstanding differences. â€Å"Realism is a window by which to view the lives of ordinary people; naturalism examines the most raw and real variables of a culture while modernism is a contemporary form that allows artists to experiment with new styles† (Hakutani 5). Harlem Renaissance preceded the entry of these writers in literature scene, which happened between 1940 and 1960. Important writers of this era include Melvin Tolson, Ann Perry, Ralph Ellison, Gwendolyn Brooks, and Richard Wright among others. However, Richard Wright is the most important figure of this period; actually, the other writers were said to have attended â€Å"Wright School.† There are different reasons why these writers were said to have attended â€Å"Wright School.† Firstly, Richard Wright came before any other writer of this period; he lived between 1908 and 1960. The other writers emulated Wright and bought his theories. Wright never accepted most of the writings from Harlem Renaissance; therefore, he became a big critic of these writings. The other writers that came after Wright held his believes and became critics of Harlem Renaissance writings. This is the reason they were said to have attended â€Å"Wright School.† Moreover, Wright concerned himself with exposing the challenges that were facing black Americans in urban areas; something that the writers that came after him exposed and analyzed further. The description given to the writers of this age i s accurate. For instance, Ralph Ellison, in his book Invisible Man, talks of challenges that blacks were facing. The only difference between Ralph’s work and that of Wright is that, â€Å"Ralph’s characters were articulate, educated, and self-aware† (Hakutani 9). Change of characters does not change theme; therefore, Ralph emulated Wright. Gwendolyn Brook also touched on the challenges facing blacks through her poems. Her main agenda was to call blacks into social and economic awareness, something that was conspicuously missing during Harlem Renaissance. Maud Martha; one of Brooks’ outstanding poems is about life of a young black woman from her birth to marriage exposing the challenges that she went through.Advertising Looking for essay on african american? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Other writers like James Baldwin, â€Å"Spoke of pain and suffering of black Americans and saving power of bro therhood† (Hakutani 11). Baldwin’s writings were inspired by personal experiences that he went through under a strict father and a discriminating society. Finally, Lorraine Hansberry, â€Å"Explored African roots of African-American experiences especially the segregation issue her family dealt with in Chicago† (Hakutani 11). Taking a close look at the literature works of these writers, it is evident that they were unapologetic about their standpoint. They wanted the world to know the sufferings of blacks in America during those times. However, Wright was the ‘father’ of them all for he was the first to write about blacks and criticize Harlem Renaissance writings. Therefore, it is appropriate to say that writers of Realism, Naturism, and Modernism period attended â€Å"Wright School.† These writers matured under the intimidation of Harlem Renaissance; having been provoked by the same, the entry of realism, naturism, and modernism period offere d them an opportunity to express their thoughts and feelings unapologetically and harshly. Works Cited Hakutani, Yoshinobu. â€Å"Richard Wright: Critical Perspectives Past and Present.† African American Review. Kent University, 1995. This essay on Realism, Naturalism, and Modernism Period was written and submitted by user Callen S. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Department For Communities And Local Government Social Work Essay Essays

Department For Communities And Local Government Social Work Essay Essays Department For Communities And Local Government Social Work Essay Essay Department For Communities And Local Government Social Work Essay Essay The Family Intervention Project ( FIP ) theoretical account began in 1996 in Dundee Scotland and was known as the Dundee Intervention Project ; founded by the charity Action for Children Scotland who besides worked in partnership with Dundee City Council ( Scott, 2006 ) . Glasgow University studied 56 households who were council renters and known to services, with complexnesss, for illustration helter-skelter lives with a history of terrible anti-social behavior and required intensive intercession ( Scott, 2002 ) . The purpose of the programme was to understand the bosom of the issues behind anti-social behaviors within communities and place by pattern which intercession methods had positive consequences to undertake the lifting issues of anti-social behaviors ensuing from troubled households ( www.actionforchildren.org.uk, 2012 ) . This paper shall critically discourse theoretical constructs and patterns in respects to current societal work systems. Contemporary schemes which attempt to advance the protection and support to kids, their households and carers shall be explored and critically analysed. In December 2010 Prime Minister David Cameron declared one purpose during his clip in parliament was to assist turn the lives unit of ammunition of troubled households ( Casey, 2012 ) . In November 2011 Louise Casey was instructed by the current Prime Minister to head a programme with the purpose to help and work with households. Casey had experience as the manager of the Anti-Social Behaviour Unit as ordered the by the old Labour authorities ( Millie, 2009 ) when they launched the Respect Action Plan in 2006 ( Carr, 2008 ) . The present Coalition authorities announced programs to shoot ?448 million in support to spread out the Family Intervention Programme ; before the programme was to be delivered Louise Casey wro te a paper that investigated the households already involved with the Family Intervention Project. This paper shall give an in-depth critical treatment in respects to the study by Casey Listening to Troubled Families ( Casey, 2012 ) . The paper shall present statements by measuring and critically revising societal policy, legislative alterations and analyzing the function of a Family Intervention Worker and researching their engagement in multi-agency working. The paper shall foreground how the proposed developments could impact traditional societal work values typically implemented with kids and households, with mention to anti-oppressive pattern and equal chances. Critical contemplation shall research service user narratives with mention as to how future societal work can develop. New policies frequently arise after a serious instance reappraisal has taken topographic point, when a kid has died or suffered important injury ( NSPCC, 2010 ) , after a serious instance reappraisal recommendations are frequently implemented in to action programs for local governments to entree and so proctor. In 1973 Maria Cowell tragically died whilst under supervising of local authorization ( Parton et al, 2010 ) , her decease lead to a public enquiry as to set up what went incorrect amongst the system for professionals to non take action. Since that clip new policies and Torahs have been introduced, but it could be questioned as to what has truly changed as in February 2000 Victoria Climbe suffered horrific inhuman treatment and tragically died. Her Great Aunt Marie-Therese Kouao and Carl John Manning were convicted of Victoria s decease, two curates at their local church told her aunt that Victoria was possessed by an evil spirit ( Darlymple A ; Burke, 2006 ) . Victoria was known to services and had been continually forgotten despite her obvious hurts and deteriorating wellness, Practitioners viewed the Markss on her organic structure on African civilization ( Department of Health and Home Office, 2003. Para 16.4 ) . A paper by Parton ( 2003 ) suggested at that clip that something must be done to halt such failures within the wellness and societal attention system go oning. Lord Laming was asked to chair an Independent Statutory Inquiry doing recommendations as to how services and bureaus could collaboratively work together to avoid such events in the hereafter ( Laming, 2003 ) . The amendment of the Children Act 1989 was mostly due to the Victoria Climbe Inquiry ; Lamings findings emphasized the deficiency of inter-agency working, therefore the Children Act 2004 subdivisions 10 A ; 11 placed a responsibility on local governments and other services to work together to advance the well-being of kids ( Broadhurst, Grover A ; Jamieson, 2009 ) . Recommendation 17 of Lamings Inquiry ( Laming, 2003 ) was to make a national kids database keeping information on all under 16 s to let those professionals involved with kids or who had concerns, the authorities welcomed this strategy and went in front with its development. The outgo of this system was important but in August 2010 the Coalition Government axed contact database ( Cocker, 2011 ) . The Coalition def ended their determination mentioning the Data Protection Act 1998, saying the database could set kids at hazard as every kid ( theirs included ) in the state would be on the system, Battersby ( 2010 ) has argued that the authorities are more concerned with privateness instead than child protection. Michael Gove the Shadow Secretary for kids, schools and households argued that the database created excessively much bureaucratism, and proposed a Duty to co-operate on constabularies, schools and societal services ( Ramesh, 2010 ) . It could be argued that the authorities had their ain political docket taking to cut down disbursement in Local Authorities ( Politt, 2012 ) , consideration must besides be taken in to account that the Coalition may hold thoughts for policy alterations that were implemented under the Labour authorities and presently look to be under menace. Social work has seen many cardinal alterations in the last decennary with new policies, counsel, ordinances and alterations in authorities ( Vincent et al, 2010 ) . Regardless of such alterations the profession continues to endure significantly from aggressive imperativeness, high profile instances in the media often placed societal workers at the bosom of a blasted civilization ( Ingram, 2009 ) . One could propose the many issues environing weaknesss in Local Authorities could be the deficiency of support received from cardinal authorities, Carvel ( 2005 ) stated that societal services need a momentous rise of budget if they are to present betterments that are required. Coulshed and Orme ( 2006 ) have argued that since the birth of societal work, practicians have confronted force per unit areas from authoritiess of the left and right, but despite all challenges have survived. The Coalition Government came in to power in 2010 with an heritage of debt from the old Labour authorities ; the state was in recession ( Kessleman, Krieger A ; Joseph, 2012 ) and many reforms began to take topographic point. Welfare budgets and many other countries of public disbursement have been drastically reduced ; Golding ( 2011 ) argues that Britain has non seen cuts like this since the 2nd wold war. Front line societal workers are on a regular basis troubled with multiple instance tonss and are now expected by the authorities to take on more disposal and less clip to pass in the community with households ( www.communitycare.co.uk, 2012 ) ; in her study Munro ( 2011 ) has called for bureaucratism to be significantly reduced. It could be questioned that the policy alterations presently taking topographic point were originally introduced by the old labour authorities, current amendments to the Every Child Matters website describe that the content was right when introduced but s hould non be considered to reflect current policy or counsel ( Department of Education, 2012 ) . Every Child Matters set out the national model which was supported by the Children Act 2004 ; the purpose of the policy was that professionals recognised the demands all kids non merely those who were considered at hazard ( HM Government, 2003 ) . In add-on to the breakability of Every Child Matters ( 2004 ) , the HM Government counsel Working Together to Safeguard Children ( 2010 ) is presently under Reconstruction ( www.education.gov.uk 2012 ) ; which was recommendation 1 from Munro s ( 2011 ) reappraisal which the authorities accepted. Stanley ( 2012 ) has argued that there is a demand for pattern reforms but acknowledges that this is non ever easy, dying politicians who wish to implement their ain thoughts of policy can move against the patterned advance of societal work pattern. This could hold important impact on multi-agency working ; the model identifies the professional s function of intercession and what is expected of them. Significantly cut downing the Working Together to Safeguard Children ( 2010 ) paper could intend ; in peculiar freshly qualified professionals may accidentally set a kid at hazard by non suitably sharing information. A recent research survey by the British Journal of Guidance and Counselling ( 2012 ) found that school counselors had a deficiency of cognition in respects to information sharing policies ( Jenkins A ; Palmer, 2012 ) in instances of kid maltreatment, thoughts that confidentiality was overriding despite grounds of inappropriate behaviors portrayed by other immature individuals. This is potentially alarming intelligence for societal workers, despite policies concentrating on multi-professional working ; there are still many professionals who are wholly incognizant of processs. One could reason that there has long been a deficiency of multi-professional communicating amongst services. Before the Family Intervention Programme, common subjects were that households systematically involved with services but non needfully having the appropriate intercession to run into their demands. Cacciottolo ( 2011 ) suggests many households have lost religion in services, because the deficiency of local authorization s early intercession, potentially forestalling persons confronting crisis such as kid public assistance concerns or hazard of eviction. Support workers have more freedom than societal workers stepping off from the bureaucratism and legal restraints, Parr ( 2008 ) argues that societal workers public image prevents trust, fearing one s kid will be taken in to care. Support workers do non transport the stigma enabling a platform for relationship edifice. Practitioners conform to guidelines in the Framework of Assessments for Children in Need and their Families ( 2 000 ) which recognise that appraisals should non be intrusive or repeated unnecessarily. Dominelli ( 2002 ) has suggested that societal workers must take to cut down the spread between themselves and marginalised service users if they want households to prosecute and construct a relationship. Parr ( 2008 ) has theorised FIP S ability to prosecute with households as relationship-based work, consideration must be taken for the support workers intercession programmes which normally lasts for a period of 12 months, though in some instances households may necessitate farther support to acquire back on path if a crisis has occurred and they are unable to get by entirely. Casey s ( 2012 ) paper has brought to attending the alarmingly common subjects of sexual, physical, emotional maltreatment that seem to repeat throughout many household coevalss ; some have expressed that they feel ignored when asked for aid. Evans ( 2012 ) argues that support for victims must be sensitive and individual centred , narratives suggest that services have non been put in topographic point to back up those who have suffered such traumatic experiences ( Casey, 2012 ) . The paper states that FIP accesses services for persons who have on traveling problems, Family Action ( 2012 ) strongly supports any sort of intercession that will assist convey the degrees of want households are enduring to visible radiation, enabling to back up parents to rear their kids, but argues in order to make this the Work Programme must be at the terminal of the docket non first precedence. Parr ( 2008 ) proposes that FIP could enable societal workers to pattern creatively with persons, policies ; processs and bureaucratism have restrained practicians antecedently. It could be suggested that FIP could be a political tool to travel off from traditional societal work in order to salvage authorities money. The thought being that this policy will salvage the taxpayer an estimated ?9bn a twelvemonth ( Ramesh, 2012 ) ( such as NHS, offense, societal services, lodging could be questioned ) local governments will be paid by the authorities on positive results. Charity Adfam/DrugScope ( 2012 ) has concerns that FIP may Cherry choice easier households who will co-operate, enabling local governments to run into marks and hence neglect households with more pressing demands which might set kids at hazard, bing more money in the long term. In understanding with Munro ( 2011 ) Loughton ( 2011 ) has stated how important a kid centred system, listening and taking into consideration the kid s and wants is paramount in order to run into the kid s demands. Using the Common Assessment Framework ( CAF ) which is a referral for services ; is a tool typically used by professionals who are involved with kids and want to measure how to develop an apprehension with parents to run into the demands of the kid or immature individual ( www.education.gov.uk, 2012 ) . During the CAF procedure practicians apply a holistic attack that provides consideration to the environment in which the kid is populating and if their milieus impact on the kid s development and wellness, a theoretical attack possibly unfamiliar to a support worker non exposed to societal work patterns. Working together with other professionals is cardinal in run intoing the demands of the households using a politically nuanced holistic theoretical account non merely gives a practician a bigger image of jobs the households may confront but certain strengths shown by an single possibly identified by another professional which a societal worker may hold missed during appraisal ( Davis, 2011 ) . This theoretical account is a less oppressive signifier of intercession, hence can assist develop a relationship based attack ( Parr, 2008 ) . Cameron s motivation behind his thought of The Big Society people coming together and better their ain lives ( www.cabinetoffice.gov.uk, 2012 ) could be questioned ; Pitt ( 2011 ) has argued that authorities s large society vision is impaired by obscureness of disbursement cuts. A study by Community Care ( 2011 ) identified that kids s charities have been the worst hit by the disbursement cuts, which contradicts Cameron s thought that we are all in this together ( Cameron, 2011 ) . In respects to a kid being in demand under subdivision 17 of the Children act 1989 ( Morris, 2005 ) , a affinity attention order significantly reduces public assistance costs and takes the kid s wants in to consideration, but from a carers perspective many feel they receive less support, peculiarly financially, where Foster carers have that support ( Family Rights Group, 2001 ) . Carmichael ( 2011 ) states that the costs incurred in looking after another individual is unrecognised in policy determinatio ns, this attack may set vulnerable kids at hazard. Morris ( 2005 ) argues that non all household members considered as affinity carers are an appropriate pick ; societal services may hold exhausted this intercession attack or carers feel unable to get by. One of the parents in Casey s ( 2012 ) paper negotiations about populating with grandparents but explains that web fell apart when they became sick and hence had to travel back to her female parent. There are many ethical issues environing Casey s paper, the figure of 120,000 was determined ; some have suggested there was wrong usage of informations. Professor Ruth Levitas ( 2012 ) examined the beginnings of this research methodological analysis and confirms the figure is from a sample study which took topographic point in 2004, interviews described in the paper as instance surveies are besides from that period by households who were already to a great extent involved in FIP. One could reason that the authorities have imposed their policy on households to interact with FIP, or Casey has stated the households who come on the programme are confronting the hazard of eviction and their kids traveling into attention ( Ramesh, 2012 ) . It could be suggested that there are small other picks for households, this method of intercession is traveling off from societal work anti-oppressive pattern, moreover from the basic rules of the Children Act 2004 in working together with households. B ailey ( 2012 ) voices further concerns that the paper breaches ethical criterions as the households did non consent to the publication of their narrations. To knock and place farther ethical quandary there are issues environing the fact that the paper may besides hold put households at hazard of being identified, as the description of each single narrative is rather expressed in respects to the personal injury that have been experienced. There is small grounds of an ethical commission which is mandatory when any research is carried out ; to province that the paper was formal research Casey would hold sought blessing to carry on research on such vulnerable persons. The paper states that it is not formal research ( Casey, 2011 ) , Bailey ( 2012 ) has argued this point and provinces that the authorities portrayed the papers as a solid piece of research with an evidence based attack , one must oppugn the fact that this paper was the footing on which a policy was formed is rather dismaying. Sublime portes ( 2012 ) called this an abuse of informations , there is no grounds that all 120,000 households have taken portion in some sort of anti -social behavior or other condemnable activities. Common subjects of multiple want among the households interviewed occurs throughout the paper and seems to be the bosom of the jobs that persons are sing. Levitas ( 2012 ) has argued that the paper may hold been written with calculated purposes to label those who are enduring from terrible want as scroungers . It could be questioned that Cameron s Large Society thoughts are making a divide between the rich and the really hapless ; demonizing those in poorness as felons who are bing the honest taxpayer 1000000s ( Williams, 2012 ) , hence losing any understanding from society and plumping farther into isolation. Murray ( 1996 ) believes that there is a minority amongst society that he describes as the underclass those who are unemployed, display behavioral issues, deficiency of instruction and unrecorded in soiled places, supported merely by province benefits, engendering multiple kids and raising their kids without male parents. It could be suggested that Murray s beliefs are runnin g subjects throughout the paper as the bulk of the households are portrayed in this mode reflecting his thoughts, therefore the proposal that individual parent households may intentionally hold been used in the paper to cement society s thoughts about individual female parents populating on benefits. Hill ( 2003 ) has argued that authoritiess are non admiting the biggest influences on the problem household are structural restraints, throughout the paper many parents believed that holding a new relationship or kid meant that they could start once more and hopefully this clip would acquire it right, one could reason that they were non the job but the effects of economic constructions has greater influence on their life opportunities. Parr ( 2008 ) believes that the nature of the political context which policy has been based is on criminalisation , it could be questioned if the policy pays attending to anti-oppressive pattern. The intercession method applied possibly one that is concentrating on rectifying condemnable behavior, corroborating society s belief that the Problem household are the cause of the job among communities. Therefore, households may fall into farther want as the intercession procedure of FIP is paying small attending to the Personal Cultural Structural ( PCS ) theoretical account. Homer thompsons PCS theoretical account ( 1997 ) explores anti-oppressive pattern at three degrees portraying fluctuations of subjugation that one may meet ; Casey does non province if cultural minority households or persons were interviewed, hence by analyzing the first degree of the PCS theoretical account a individual s Personal single position, consideration in respects to prejudices a individual may be sing m ust be portion of 1s appraisal. The 2nd degree analyses the Cultural facets of a individual s life, such as shared beliefs organizing a consensus, the 3rd degree looks at Structural degree, how subjugation among society is influenced by the media, authorities which can enforce on a individual s beliefs ( www.youthworkcentral.tripod.com, 2012 ) . Application of this theoretical account could assist one place why people behave in a peculiar manner ( a cardinal tool to understand the households discussed ) , baring this in head practicians can therefore work in an anti-oppressive mode. To reason, this paper has discussed theoretical thoughts and procedures with the societal work system, bureaucratism must be significantly reduced in order for societal workers to prosecute with households and have the chance to relationship construct as the FIP support workers do, therefore budget cuts may forestall such chance. Discussion in respects to policy and statute law alterations have highlighted that a bulk of policies devised by the Labour authorities are presently under menace, the motion could drive households further into deepnesss of want. One could propose that the authorities have their ain docket and thoughts to specify troubled households as the root of society s jobs, irrespective of the ecological factors that contribute to the terrible want they are enduring. Therefore society will go on to marginalize the vulnerable if the perceptual experience of households confronting troubles continues to be distorted by authorities political orientations and by the media. Word Count: 3294

Why Getting a Temp-to-Hire Position is a Smart Career Move

Why Getting a Temp-to-Hire Position is a Smart Career Move You’re looking for work, but unsure how to interpret some job postings. There’s a difference, for example, between contract employment (with a specific, non-permanent term, usually without benefits), temp work (varying from one day to a year or more, with no promise of becoming a permanent position), temp-to-perm or tempt-to-hire (meaning you work in sort of a probationary period until the employer decides whether or not to take you on full-time), and the standard direct hire (or full-time) long-term position with benefits. Temp-to-hire jobs are actually booming, and fairly easy to find. The move toward temporary hiring might mean that more and more employers are preferring to try out new employees rather than hiring immediately. Even if you can’t necessarily get a guarantee that your position will be temp to perm or temp to hire, there are some benefits to temping.Gaining ExposureGet your face out there and show what you can do. You also get a taste of different office environments, industries, etc. You’ll get to know your preferences as an employee, which will make your next job search all the more focused.Meeting New ContactsNever underestimate your ability to impress people and wrap them into your network for future communication. You’ll also establish a record for yourself- the temp agency you work for can vouch for things like your work ethic and reliability, should future employers ask.FlexibilityMost temp jobs are full time for a short time, leaving you a bit of time off in between gigs. Don’t take too much time between gigs if you want to stay current and get sent out for new opportunities, but do give yourself a couple of days to breathe.Adding Skills and Experience to Your ResumeThink of every day on each temp job as an opportunity to sponge up new skills and expertise. Pad your resume with the software programs and experience you’re getting on each job.The Possibility of Full-TimeThe biggest potential benefit of all comes when your position is, in fact, temp-to-hire. In those cases, you get all the benefits of temping- the self-confidence boost of having a job to go to on a given day, the networking opportunities, your foot in the proverbial door- plus, there’s a good chance a full-time job will be your reward at the end of it.That said, it can be a bit isolating to temp. You might feel like you’re not quite a â€Å"real† employee, and you may feel a little too uncertain without a guaranteed annual income and benefits. Temping is definitely not for everyone, but if you can manage it for a while, it might just pay off for you.

International Trade Policy Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

International Trade Policy - Case Study Example Development of trade and commerce is essentially linked to the survival, growth, and progress of a nation, particularly by concise means of imports and exports. The policies or regulations that essentially govern and deal with defining the international trade between countries are known as the Foreign Trade Policy or International Trade Policy. These policies include, but are not restricted to, the tax brackets, import duties on various pieces of equipment (goods and services), items for trading, non-allowable items, quotas and tariffs, and so on. Inclusive of this data, there are also the incentives for foreign investment that encourages foreign investors to invest in the country along with incentives for local producers to export, and so on [2]. Thus, the policy defines the terms and regulations for trading i.e. imports and exports. The Asian region has been prospering of late with good speed, and amongst the many nations, Pakistan has been one of the prime examples of prospering nations particularly under the current military regime. The name of this nation has been in the headlines since a while now, thus, it would be very informative to analyze their trade policy structure. Particularly considering the fact that the foreign direct investment has been growing in the region of late, it would be very interesting to see the structure that is enhancing this figure in recent times[3]. Since October 1999 to date, Pakistan has moved towards being a much more stabilized nation than it has ever been since its existence in 1947. Under the military regime of General Pervaiz Musharraf, the nation has moved towards economic stability and growth to the current day, with economic development prospering in particular. This stability in the economic and political environment has led to tremendous growth in the net trade figure, inviting foreign investors and trades to contribute and interact with the local ones and have a good prospectus for the future outlook[5]. This report highlights the trade policy for the year 2006-07 so that judgements can be made on fairgrounds that whether this policy has been a success or otherwise. The following paragraphs highlight the main aims and objectives of the international trade policy relating to the export of goods and services [7, 9].

Leadership and Administration in Nursing at Ohio State University Article

Leadership and Administration in Nursing at Ohio State University - Article Example In the role of nursing administration, the leader must be concerned with turnover costs and training costs which are part of the operational budgeting process designed to secure the financial interests of the hiring organization. Job burnout caused by the conflict between administration and nursing professionals can lead to high absenteeism and even psychological syndromes that jeopardize both nurse well-being and patient care quality (Maslach, 1993; Schaufeli & Enzmann 1998).Ohio State University recognizes that in order to create a positive organizational culture, secure the liability protection of health care organizations and business professionals, and also to ensure patient safety, management and leadership skills require refinement to improve the overall quality of health care delivery. In order to be an effective nurse practitioner or administrative professional, the competencies required to improve the socio-psychological needs of clinical staff must be identified and enhanced with contemporary students of health care. 3. Audience/Learners Though Leadership and Administration in Nursing are intended to create more contemporary health care professionals, including students in the nursing program and business majors, the program is open to all students in the four-year undergraduate program looking to maximize their leadership and administrative proficiencies. ...ng students in the nursing program and business majors, the program is open to all students in the four-year undergraduate program looking to maximize their leadership and administrative proficiencies. Students must have completed the program Introductory Leadership 103 in order to be eligible for the program, due to the more advanced concepts of socio-psychological understandings included in this program. A C+ average is required in the introductory leadership program to successfully qualify for credit in this program to ensure quality in curriculum delivery and student retention. Course Syllabus / Course Outline 4. Course Title: Modern Administrative Theory i n Health Care Environments 5. Credit Hours and Length of Course Credit hours: 4 Course Duration: 8 weeks – CEU 60 6. Rationale The fundamental leadership and administrative theories provided in first-year management programs often focus on multiple industries, thus negating a more focused curriculum that recognizes the complexities and tangible realities of being employed in the health care industry. This course is designed to streamline administrative and leadership theory with a strict focus on case study leadership and real-life practical application of modern administration in today’s health care organization. In order to facilitate successful socio-cultural relationships with diverse health care professionals and management teams, it is necessary to be equipped with the skill set for leadership quality and competency (Cox, 2005).

Moral Absolutes Essay Example for Free

Moral Absolutes Essay Why are Christian ethics and theology inseparable? What did Francis Schaeffer mean when he said that not all things are the same to God? Christian ethics is inseparable from theology because it is grounded in the character of God. Francis Schaeffer said that not all things are the same to God and means that God exists and has a character, but not all things are the same to him. Some things conform to His character, and some are opposed to his character. 2. What did Schaeffer conclude about a society without moral absolutes? Do we see this in society? Schaeffer concludes that if a society has no moral absolutes then there is no final appeal to judge between individuals and groups whose moral judgments conflict. There will be no standards and only conflicting opinions. 3. On what authority do Christians base their belief in moral absolutes? How specific is this authority? Christians base their beliefs in moral absolutes through the Bible. Of course, you cannot solve all moral decisions by referring to the Bible but there sufficient guidelines provided to give us a sense of what is morally right. These guidelines are the Decalogue also known as the Ten Commandments and tat is how specific the authority is. 4. Ethically speaking, what are Christians called to do? Christians are called to love the Lord with all their heart, all their soul, and with all their strength and with their entire mind and love your neighbor as yourself. 5. What did Dietrich Bonhoeffer mean by the question, â€Å"Where are the responsible people? He meant Christians, who are willing to treat God’s moral order with the same respect they show His physical order; who love God with their whole body, soul, spirit, mind and strength; who treat others as they desire to be treated. Ethics 3. 2 6. Why do Muslims view Muhammad as morally exemplary even though the Hadith does not paint a flattering portrait of his life? Muslims are conditioned to look at the whole picture through the eyes of faith. Certain things that the Prophet did do not conform to ordinary ideas of morality and may be considered sensual and cruel, but believers look at the whole thing differently. To them morality derives from the Prophet’s actions; the moral is whatever he did. Morality does not determine the Prophet’s actions, but his actions determines morality. 7. How do Christianity and Islam differ in relation to their beliefs about ethical absolutes? Christianity and Islam differ because Christianity is based on the Bible and Islam is based on the Qur’an and the Bible grounds morality in God’s essential character; the Qur’an teaches that God cannot be ultimately known. 8. In what two ways is the term jihad used? First: the battle against temptation and sin for the sake of self-control and the development of virtue; Second: the battle against any and all who oppose Islam. 9. What motivates Muslims to behave ethically? They are motivated by several fronts like: to develop personal virtue and spirituality, to better the state of others, to strengthen relationships, and to anticipate the coming judgment. 10. Which motivation is strongest? The anticipation of final judgment. Ethics 3. 3 11. What is the ultimate ethical question for a Secular Humanist? What questions did Morris B. Storer outline in his book Humanist Ethics? The ultimate ethical question for a Secular Humanist is Can morality be achieved without the foundation of absolute religious beliefs? Who makes the rules, God or men? Morris B. Storer outlined: Is personal advantage the measure of right and wrong or the advantage of all affected? Is there truth in ethics? Are right and wrong expressions of heart or head? Do people have free wills? Do you measure morality by results or by principles? Do people have duties as well as rights? 12. Why are there such diverse views and conflicts regarding humanistic ethics? There are diverse views and conflicts because there is a lack of consensus about the foundation of ethics and that is problematic for the whole concept of Humanistic ethics. 13. Who proposed the â€Å"no-truth thesis† and what does it state? Kai Nelson and it states that no question of the truth or falsity of moral values can sensibly arise. 14. How do most humanists attempt to dodge the â€Å"no-truth thesis†? How does Corliss Lamont address this issue? They attempt to doge it by claiming that they use reason to determine right and wrong in the context of ethical relativism. Lamont addresses the issue with optimism stating that as long as we pursue activities that are healthy, socially useful and in accordance with reason, pleasure and happiness will accompany us and the supreme good will the eventual result. 15. What did Arthur E. Gravatt, Joseph Fletcher, Herbert W. Schneider, and Paul Kurtz have to say about Ethics? Dr. Arthur E. Gravatt: Moral behavior may differ from situation to situation. Behavior might be moral for one person and not another or moral at one time and not another. Joseph Fletcher: Rights and wrongs are determined by objective facts or circumstances, that is, by the situations in which moral agents have to decide for the most beneficial course open to choice. Herbert W. Schneider: Morality is â€Å"an experimental art† and is the â€Å"basic art of living well together. † Moral right and wrong must therefore be conceived in terms of moral standards generated in a particular society. Paul Kurtz: Moral principles should be treated as hypotheses, tested by their practical worth and judged by what they cause to happen. Ethics 3. 4 16. How did Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels view the issue of morality? Marx and Engels denied that moral ideals, moral considerations, are central in human life and social evolution. Rather, it is biological and social evolution that determines their definition of morality. What is right and wrong is determined by what is best for evolution. 17. What is the Marxist-Leninist morality of the future? How will it be determined? Their morality of the future is when the proletariat finally destroys the bourgeoisie. The new classless society will determine the new morality, just as this evolution toward a classless society is dictating today’s morality. 18. What is the Marxist-Leninist view of â€Å"old morality?They view old morality as products of the bourgeoisie invented and used by the propertied class to oppress the propertyless proletariat. 19. What is the Marxist code of ethics according to the book Scientific Communism? â€Å"Devotion to the cause of the working class, collectivism, mutual aid, comradely solidarity, hatred toward the bourgeois ie and toward traitors to the common cause, internationalism, and stoicism in struggle are traits which not only define the content of proletarian ethics, but also characterize the moral image of the typical representatives of the working class. 20. What means have Marxists historically believed would bring about a society without class distinction? What have been the results of such an ethical system? They believe that revolution is the most efficient means for creating a society without class distinctions. This system is responsible for 83 million deaths between 1917 and 1964. But from a Marxist-Leninist point of view, it is worth the price if people die to abolish social classes and private property.

Joan Miro :: essays research papers

Working Thesis:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Catalan struggle and Spanish Civil War greatly influenced Joan Mirà ³Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s art; Mirà ³Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s techniques of forceful strokes with paint and ceramics enable Mirà ³ to express his feelings and depict the Catalan people’s struggle through art.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Surrealism in the 1920s was defined as a fantastic arrangement of materials that influenced Mirà ³, due to the fact that he was one of the most original and sympathetic artists during the Surrealism periods. Mirà ³ was born into the Catalan culture in April 20,1893 in Barcelona, Spain (Munro 288). Having to be born into the Catalan culture gave Mirà ³ an opportunity to have an intense nationalist activity. In which much attention was paid not only to political expressions of the need for autonomy, but also to the re-Catalanizing of every day life (Higdon 1). â€Å"It was necessary to fight so that Catalan, our language might be recognized as a cultural language† (â€Å"Mirà ³Ã¢â‚¬ ). In 1910 Mirà ³Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s parents bought a masia which is a sort of traditional farmstead of Catalonia, where the family has its roots on the paternal side. Mirà ³ described the masia in his painting The Farm of 1921-1922 (Figure1). Clement Greenburg a close friend of Mirà ³ who is also a critic, said that Mirà ³Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s art is based on ideas â€Å"of painting as an irrevocable two dimensional medium† (Munro 289). Greenburg also stated â€Å"Mirà ³ is known for his almost total lack of interest in political matters† (Munro 289). The only thing that really kept Mirà ³ interested was his people and their culture. What really shot Mirà ³ down was the Spanish Civil War, he stated that â€Å"I am not in favor of separatism. I am in favor for Spanish unity, European unity, and World unity.† He believed that they should be able to celebrate their myths, and abide by their own laws (Higdon 1). Being Catalan was pretty hard on Mirà ³ as well as his people and their culture. For one, the government tried to shut them out or at least make them in to a Spanish-speaking country. Yet the Catalans had to push on their struggle for freedom. Mirà ³ used his paintings to show his urge for unity, and wanted his people to have the right to practice their customs (Munro 288). He was extremely devoted to his people and their aspirations. He wanted to bring out Catalan traditions as well as their language (Higdon 2). Mirà ³ career in art was sort of brought on by destiny.

Community and public school Essay

As stakeholders who have interest in safety of the public, health and well being of citizens, community providers are able to affect success of reentry of incarcerated population when individual come back from jail or prison. Community is engaged in community nonprofits which includes faith-based providers in empowering and serving their populations. President Bush has a grant program for mentoring prisoners and has a vision of reentry. The legislation ensures better planning coordination for release through providing interventions and treatment of drug addiction and alcohol and support services for recovery. (Liang, 2001 pp33-36) During the financial year 2000, the structure of family and consumer board had a drastic change. The care board which was originally managed had responsibilities for policies and procedures such as funding and staffing decisions. Sometimes, this is in conflict with wishes, decisions and policies of board of supervisors. The advisory board has eight members who are appointed and includes family members, citizens and consumers whose inputs is valued and used in policy decisions by administrators and supervisors. Emmaus house provides safer harbor for children and women who need immediate relief from threatening situation. In an environment which is secure and child friendly, trained staff at Emmaus House give support to women concerned with safety, food, clothing and shelter. They prefer a female intern due to the need for direct contact with its client’s everyday. The preferred intern is a dynamic individual who have compassion for children and women. Interns provide a number of services according to the preference which includes, writing and finding grants, case management, community outreach, house programming and planning activities for children. Experience in website design is necessary and the hours for working are flexible. Jumpstart is an organization for early literacy that recruits and offer training services to students in college for them to be able to work with children in preschool from low income earners. Through relationships of yearlong mentoring, Jumpstart is able to inspire children to learn, families to be involved and adults to teach. It works towards all children in America to ensure they go to school and succeed. A helping hand local agency gives companion services that assist senior citizens, individual and care givers with disabilities. Opportunities for internship include assignments for each individual and group project which are valuable immeasurably for the students and client. They assist those who are in need and internship offer great opportunity to get job experience, develop good relationship with other people who are out of college atmosphere. CONCLUSION Internship helps learners with hands-on working experience and learning.Through experience with staffs, schools, supervision and agencies, students are able to refine their knowledge, skills and attitudes as professional in offering human services. Planning process and interview for internship is supposed to begin three terms before the term where actual internship begins. Identification of site for internship requires approval by internship coordinator, the student and the agency. Internship provides students with necessary experience for building professional careers, application of techniques and theories that are learned by using them in field setting. The student gets opportunity for refining and discovering their strengths and weaknesses and broadening human services concepts and public schools help in expanding understanding on human systems. The universities are provided with setting to practical, evaluation of student performance and establishment of communication between agencies in the community and public school. (Gardner, 1999 pp14-17) REFERENCE Fedorko J. (2001): how to get, make and keep most of internships: Simon Spotlight, pp23-26. Gardner G. (1999): Guide to internship: GGC. INC publishing, pp14-17. Liang J. (2001): Approach to great internship: Book surge publishing, pp33-36.

Globalization and Accountability Essay

A better quality of life has been the objective of societies and nations. This has been pursued since the ancient times to the present. About one hundred years before the Trojan wars, Minos, mythical son of Zeus, organized a communal society in the island of Crete. For centuries, universal justice and virtue reigned in the island. Conditions were similar to the fabulous Shangrila of the Lost Horizon. It was like a paradise for the people. They contributed their individual ideas, talents, skills, and labor to the community for its development, and for he good of all its members. The needs of the people were justly supplied, and they were happy and contented. Plato, the Greek philosopher, designed an ideal state in his book, The Republic. He proposed common ownership of properties as a general rule. The concept of equality of Plato was further improved by Christian doctrines. However, more active and courageous social reformers emerged into the limelight during the age of Enlightenment and Industrial Revolution. Rousseau, Fourier, Bentham, Owen and Marx were the more prominent among them. They stressed the social aspects of the national order, such as cooperation, perfectibility of human nature, and other human virtues. The clamor for equality was not only political but also economic and social. The abuses of the capitalists and landlords, and the great disparities in income and wealth were the primary targets of reformers. The aforementioned economic and social problems still pervade in many developing countries. Throughout the history of the development of nations, only very few have become rich, such as those in North America and Western Europe. Most of the poor countries are found in Africa, Asia and Latin America. In terms of goods and services, the gap between the poor and the rich countries has become wider and wider. In view of the presence of modern transportation and communication, leaders of the poor countries have seen the tremendous prosperity of the rich countries. As a result, people from poor countries have developed the tendency to emulate the rich countries- their economies, technologies, ways of life, and even the architecture of their houses and buildings. However, some intellectuals have realized the disadvantage of such colonial mentality. They have crusaded for economic nationalism to free their countries from the exploitations of the rich counties- and from the weaknesses of their own people. Industrialization has been their dream of solving their persistent problems like poverty, insecurity, and excess population. Even Nehru of India claimed that real progress must ultimately depend on industrialization. Every nation, rich or poor, has economic problems. However, these are more serious and widespread in poor countries. Economic problems do exist because of two fundamental facts: resources are limited and human wants are unlimited. Human wants cannot possibly be all satisfied because resources are scarce. For example, every family wants a house and a farm. This is not possible in many countries, especially in less developed countries. In fact, most countries cannot even meet the most basic needs of their people like food, clothing, and shelter. In the case of the United States of America, the people are capable of satisfying their essential needs. If some groups cannot, it is the government that provides them with basic goods and services. Welfare programs and other social security benefits are made available to the less fortunate, and to the aged. But still, rich countries have economic problems. People, human as they are, are not ultimately satisfied with the consumption of basic goods only. Naturally, they aspire for a higher standard of living. And it is the responsibility of the economic system to help the people acquire it. The economic system of any nation has different factors that are being considered in order to establish and open greater economic opportunities (Soros, 2002). Globalization The remarkable progress in communication and transportation has exposed the high standard of living of a globalized nation. Through foreign travels, periodicals, and movies the peoples of the less developed countries have seen the many wonderful and modern things which have been created by an industrial society like the United States of America, France or Japan. In contrast, many leaders of the third world countries have realized the big difference in their still primitive products of development. Thus, their impressions of a globalized and industrialized economy have further improved. Henceforth, there has been a strong clamor among many of the third world countries for globalization. For years, this has been their aspiration. Through globalization, they believe they can eliminate the problems of poverty, insecurity, and overpopulation. No less than the great Indian statesman Nehru said that real progress must ultimately depend on globalization (Thompson & Strickland, 2003). However, globalization or globalizing a less developed country is certainly not an easy task. There are great obstacles along the long path of globalization. It is not only massive capital, modern technology, competent management, and skilled labor that are required. Well developed commercial sectors are also needed. And of course, the most important requirement for globalization is the restructuring of values and institutions in society. In spite of the formidable barriers to globalized development, it is not completely impossible for a less developed country to globalized economy. There were several poor nations which became industrial economies. They were able to conquer an almost impossible dream through a vigorous and sincere implementation of economic, social, and political reforms. Former countries like England, Germany and the United States of America met fewer difficulties in globalizing their economies because of most favorable economic and political conditions. There are several processes being followed in terms of modern growth brought about by the system and principle of globalization. It must be noted that globalization among the developed countries did not happen overnight. Prior to their globalization, they experience various changes and improvement. The following are the most notable: 1. Economic, social, and political institutions were restructured to pave the way towards globalization and industrialization. 2. There was a rapid technological improvement. 3. Factors of production like capital, labor, and entrepreneurial scheme were made to be more responsive to globalization and industrialization. 4. Substantial improvement in transportation, communication, and electrification were undertaken. 5. Social facilities and services were increased. 6. Agricultural and commercial industries became variable. The aforementioned developments were greatly responsible in the globalization of the highly developed countries. Clearly, their economic growths did not go through a quick and easy process. They laid down the foundation of their industrial development. Such experiences of the industrial countries should provide a lesson to less developed countries that are aiming for rapid globalization and industrialization. However, there are some countries that have achieved very rapid industrial growth. But the other sectors of their economy have not developed as fast as their industries. For instance, there have been no appropriate changes in some industries such as the agricultural industries, public administration, social structure and values among other things and industries. But then again, it can be seen that there is more rooms for globalization even if it means that other industries are left behind. Moreover, there has been a great need for private sectors to be improved and flourished in order for globalization to push through. As far as the economics is concerned, the big challenge is poverty, and the surest route to sustained poverty reduction is economic growth. Growth requires good economic policies. The evidence strongly supports the conclusion that growth requires a policy framework that prominently includes an orientation towards integration into the global economy. This places obligations on three groups: those who are most responsible for the operation of the international economy, primarily the governments of the developed countries; those who determine the intellectual climate, which includes this audience but also government and non-government organizations and individuals; and the government of the developing countries who bear the major responsibility for economic policy in their countries. Economic globalization, the ongoing process of greater economic interdependence among countries, is reflected in the increasing amount of cross-border trade in goods and services, the increasing volume of international financial flows, and increasing flows of labor. As is well known to our profession, economic globalization thrived in the period before 1914, but was set back by the two World Wars and the Great Depression. 6 The international financial order that was established at the end of World War II sought to restore the volume of world trade, and by 1973, world trade as a percentage of world GDP was back to its 1913 level – and it has continued to grow almost every year since. While the founders of the Bretton Woods system saw the restoration of trade in goods and services as essential to the recovery of the global economy, they did not have the same benign view of capital flows. Nonetheless, capital flows among the industrialized countries did recover during the 1950s, and intensified in the 1960s. Rapidly they became too powerful for the pegged exchange rate system to survive, and by 1973, as a result of the impossible trinity – of a pegged exchange rate, capital mobility, and a monetary policy directed at domestic objectives – the Bretton Woods adjustable peg system had to give way to flexible exchange rates among the major countries. Capital flows to developing countries grew more slowly. In the late 1970s and early 1980s they consisted mainly of bank loans; by the 1990s they took the form mainly of foreign direct investment and purchases of marketable securities. And as the volume of international capital flows to and from the emerging market countries – the more developed and larger developing countries – increased, the impossible trinity once again asserted itself, and in a series of crises, country after country was forced to give up its pegged exchange rate and allow the currency to float. By now, the gross volume of international capital flows relative to global GDP far exceeds the levels reached in the period just before 1913, though net flows of foreign direct investment have not yet attained the extraordinary levels of the decade before World War I. It is generally believed that with respect to migration and labor flows the modern system is less globalized than it was a century ago. In 1911, nearly 15 percent of the United States population was foreign born; today that number is probably a bit above 10 percent. Emigration rates from Europe, especially Ireland and Italy, were amazing: 14 percent of the Irish population emigrated in the 1880s, and over 10 percent of the Italian population emigrated in the first decade of the twentieth century. Jeffrey Williamson (2002) attributes a significant part of the convergence of income levels in the Atlantic economy in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries to mass migration. Whether or not migration and labor flows are greater now than they were a century ago, we are becoming more globalized in this regard too, for migration rates have been rising – and in a potentially important way, for more migration than in the past is from less to more developed countries. All this is at an abstract level. In terms of people’s daily lives, globalization means that the residents of one country are more likely now than they were fifty years ago: to consume the products of another country; to invest in another country; to earn income from other countries; to talk on the telephone to people in other countries; to visit other countries; to know that they are being affected by economic development in other countries; and to know about developments in other countries. Globalization is much more than an economic phenomenon. The technological and political changes that drive the process of economic globalization have massive noneconomic consequences. In the words of Anthony Giddens, a leading sociologist: â€Å"I would have no hesitation in saying that globalization, as we are experiencing it, is in many respects not only new, but also revolutionary. Globalization is political, technological and cultural, as well as economic. The non-economic aspects are at least as important in shaping the international debate as are the economic aspects. Many of those who object to globalization resent the political and military dominance of the United States, and they resent also the influence of foreign – predominantly American – culture, as they see it at the expense of national and local cultures. The technological elements matter in practice as well as in the debate. For instance, the events of September 11, 2001 could not have taken place before the current global era. The communications and transport systems that have accelerated the pace of globalization are also at the disposal of terrorists, money- launderers, and international criminals. On the positive side, improvements in communications and the spread of information were critical to the collapse of the Iron Curtain. People learned what was happening in other countries, and understood that they did not have to live the way they were living, and the Iron Curtain fell. A broad range of critics is arrayed on the other side. Among them are academics, opinion leaders, individuals and groups who see their interests being affected by globalization, politicians, NGOs, and demonstrators – and these categories are not mutually exclusive. To listen to the debate in the terms each side paints the other, who believes that all is for the best in the best of all possible worlds, and those who believe that the world is going to hell in a hand basket. That is doubly misleading. In the first place, many of those who regard themselves as pro-globalization know that there is far too much misery in the world, that there are many wrongs to be righted in the global economy, and that it could be made to operate much better. And on the other side, many – but not all – of the critics are not against globalization. Rather, from NGOs demonstrating for further debt relief and campaigning for greater access of developing country exports to industrialized country markets, to academic critics questioning current policy views, many are seeking a better and fairer globalization.

How To Answer “Why Do You Want To Work Here”

How To Answer â€Å"Why Do You Want To Work Here† This question comes up in so many job interviews. Surprisingly, most people are unprepared to answer it well. Think of this question as another valuable opportunity to show you’ve done your homework on a company, and to show that your ideals and goals are in lockstep with those of the company you’re interviewing with. Don’t just blather on about how they value whatever their mission statement says they value, or praise whatever company culture you’ve been able to glean from their brochures. Have something distinctive to say.Try these strategies and you’ll be in much better shape.1. Word of MouthHave you heard from current or past employees? Now might be the time to mention that you’ve got several contacts who worked there in the past, or friends of friends who work there now. It’s fine to say that you’ve received glowing reports; it makes your interviewer feel good, and it shows you did a bit of sleuthing around!2. Social MediaD oes this company have a particularly winning social media platform? Consider mentioning their engaging use of Facebook, or their badass presence on Twitter. This also shows that you’re engaged,   and with it  enough to be all up on social media.3. CommonalityIf you’ve done your digging and found contacts you know who work there on LinkedIn, for example, and you’ve noticed a particular pattern- something that most employees of that company seem to have in common- then mention it! Show that you’ve taken the time to figure out what the common thread is and then explain how you fit right in with it.4. LeadershipIt’s obviously good to speak favorably about the product or service the company puts out, but it’s even better to comment on their leadership- either within the industry or globally. Talk about their community involvement or philanthropy.5. UniquenessAcknowledge first and foremost what makes the company so unique. Show that youâ€℠¢ve looked into them enough to really understand what it is they’re going for- then compliment them on their success. All the while showing how their uniqueness matches yours perfectly!6. Its Past/FutureTalk about the company’s origins and past achievements†¦ or fast forward to show how well you can think ahead and envision the company’s goals being realized in an ever-changing industry. Show that you’re already invested in the future of the company.7. Get PersonalIf all else fails, tie your appreciation of the company to some aspect of yourself. Be as specific as possible. Have you had a personal interaction with anyone at the company? Now’s the time to start chatting about that. Remember, there’s no right way to answer this, only a few extra bonus points you can score if you answer it well.

AP Chemistry Scores - Learn What You Need for College

AP Chemistry Scores - Learn What You Need for College Fewer students take AP Chemistry than AP Biology, Physics, or Calculus. Nevertheless, the course is an excellent choice for students interested in pursuing a STEM field in college, or for students who want to demonstrate to college admissions officers that they pushed themselves to take challenging courses in high school. Most colleges and universities have a science and lab requirement, so a high score on the AP Chemistry exam will sometimes fulfill these requirements. About the AP Chemistry Course and Exam AP Chemistry is designed to cover the material that a student would typically encounter in an introductory chemistry course taken in the first year of college. The course will sometimes fulfill a science requirement, laboratory requirement, or place a student into the second semester of a chemistry sequence. AP Chemistry is organized around six central ideas that allow students to understand and predict chemical interactions: Atoms. Students learn that the chemical elements are the building blocks of all matter, and that matter is defined by the arrangement of those atoms.Properties of Materials. This section examines the ways that the physical and chemical properties of materials are defined by the arrangements of atoms, ions, or molecules, and the forces between them.Changes in Matter. Students study the way that the rearrangement of atoms and transfer of electrons causes changes in matter.Reaction Rates. In this section, students study how the rate at which chemicals react is governed by the nature of the molecular collisions.Laws of Thermodynamics. Through a study of the laws of thermodynamics, students learn about the conservation of energy and how that relates to changes in matter.Equilibrium. Students learn that chemical reactions are reversible and can proceed in either direction. Chemical equilibrium results when opposing chemical processes occur at the same rate. Central to the course is the students ability to model phenomena, use mathematics to solve problems, pose and evaluate scientific questions, collect and analyze data, and make claims and predictions about chemical phenomena based on scientific models and theories. AP Chemistry Score Information The AP Chemistry exam was taken by 161,852 students in 2018. Only 90,398 of those students (55.9 percent) earned a score of 3 or higher indicating that they have a level of mastery sufficient for possibly earning college credit.   The mean score for the AP Chemistry exam was 2.80, and the scores were distributed as follows: AP Chemistry Score Percentiles (2018 Data) Score Number of Students Percentage of Students 5 21,624 13.4 4 28,489 17.6 3 40,285 24.9 2 38,078 23.5 1 33,376 20.6 If your score is on the low end of the scale, realize that you dont need to report it to colleges. Unlike the SAT and ACT, AP exam scores are typically self-reported and not required. Course Credit and Placement for AP Chemistry The table below presents some representative data from a variety of colleges and universities. This information is meant to provide a general picture of the way that selective colleges view the AP Chemistry exam. Youll see that all the schools do offer credit for a strong score on the chemistry exam,  even if just general credits with no placement- AP Chemistry is one of the more widely-accepted exams. Note that all of the private institutions require at least a 4 on the exam to earn credit while all the public institutions except for Georgia Tech will accept a 3. Keep in mind that AP placement data changes frequently, so be sure to check with a colleges Registrar to get the most up-to-date information. AP Chemistry Scores and Placement College Score Needed Placement Credit Georgia Tech 5 CHEM 1310 (4 semester hours) Grinnell College 4 or 5 4 semester credits; CHM 129 Hamilton College 4 or 5 1 credit after completing CHEM 125 and/or 190 LSU 3, 4 or 5 CHEM 1201, 1202 (6 credits) for a 3; CHEM 1421, 1422 (6 credits) for a 4 or 5 MIT - no credit or placement for AP Chemistry Mississippi State University 3, 4 or 5 CH 1213 (3 credits) for a 3; CH 1213 and CH 1223 (6 credits) for a 4 or 5 Notre Dame 4 or 5 Chemistry 10101 (3 credits) for a 4; Chemistry 10171 (4 credits) for a 5 Reed College 4 or 5 1 credit; no placement Stanford University 5 CHEM 33; 4 quarter units Truman State University 3, 4 or 5 CHEM 100 Chemistry (4 credits) for a 3; CHEM 120 Chemical Principles I (5 credits) for a 4 or 5 UCLA (School of Letters and Science) 3, 4 or 5 8 credits and Introductory CHEM for a 3; 8 credits and General CHEM for a 4 or 5 Yale University 5 1 credit; CHEM 112a, 113b, 114a, 115b A Final Word on AP Chemistry Course credit and placement arent the only reasons to take AP Chemistry. When applying to colleges, a strong academic record will be the most important part of your application. Colleges want to see that you have succeeded in the most challenging courses available to you, and AP, IB, and Honors all play an important role on this front. Doing well in Advanced Placement classes (and AP exams) is a far better predictor of future college success than standardized tests such as the SAT or ACT. To learn more specific information about the AP Chemistry exam, be sure to visit the  official College Board website.